氮肥、土壤湿度和温度对稻田土壤甲烷氧化的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer,soil mosture and temperature and temperature on methane oxidation in paddy soil were investigated under laboratory conditions.Addition of 0.05 g N kg^-1 soil as NH4Cl strongly inhibited methane oxidation and addition of the same rate of KCl also inhibited the oxidation but with more slight effect,suggesting that the inhibitory effect was partly caused by increase in osmotic potential in microorganism cell,Not only NH4^ but also NO3^- greatly affected methane oxidation.Urea did not affect methane oxidation in paddy soil in the first two days of incubation,but strong inhibitory effect was observed afterwards.Methane was oxidized in the treated soil with an optimum moisture of 280 g kg^-1 ,and air-drying inhibited methane oxidation entirely.The optimum temperature of methane oxidation was about 30℃ in paddy soil.while no methane oxidation was observed at 5℃or 50℃。     

Microbial activity and bacterial composition of H2-treated soils with net CO2 fixation

The effects of H₂ gas treatment of an agricultural soil cultivated previously with a mixture of clover (Trifolium pratense) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on CO₂ dynamics and microbial activity and composition were analyzed. The H₂ emission rate of 250 nmol H₂ g⁻¹ soil h⁻¹ was similar to the upper limit of estimated H₂ amounts emitted from N₂ fixing nodules into the surrounding soil ([Dong, Z., Layzell, D.B., 2001. H₂ oxidation, O₂ uptake and CO₂ fixation in hydrogen treated soil. Plant and Soil 229, 1-12.]). After 1 week of H₂ supply to soil samples simultaneously with H₂ uptake net CO₂ production declined continuously and this finally led to a net CO₂ fixation rate in the H₂-treated soil of 8 nmol CO₂ g⁻¹ soil h⁻¹. The time course of H₂ uptake and CO₂ fixation in the soils corresponded with an increase in microbial activity and biomass of the H₂-treated soil determined by microcalorimetric measurements, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) and DNA staining (DAPI). Shifts in the bacterial community structure caused by the supply of H₂ were recorded. While the H₂ treatment stimulated β-and γ-subclasses of Proteobacteria, it had no significant effect on α-Proteobacteria. In addition, FISH-detectable bacteria of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum increased in numbers.     

Using lipid analysis and hyphal length to quantify AM and saprotrophic fungal abundance along a soil chronosequence

We evaluate the use of signature fatty acids and direct hyphal counts as tools to detect and quantify arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and saprotrophic fungal (SF) biomass in three Hawaiian soils along a natural soil fertility gradient. Phospholipids16:1ω5c and 18:2ω6,9c were used as an index of AM and saprotrophic fungal biomass, respectively. Both phospholipid analysis and hyphal length indicated that the biomass of AMF was greatest at the highest fertility site, and lowest where phosphorus limits plant growth. Saprotrophic fungal biomass did not vary. Hyphal length counts appeared to under-estimate SF abundance, while the phospholipid AMF:SF ratio was in line with expectations. This study indicates that phospholipids may be a valuable and reliable tool for studying the abundance, distribution, and interactions between AM and saprotrophic fungi in soil.     

酶催化氧化法处理水中的己烯雌酚

研究用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化氧化法处理水中己烯雌酚(DES)的适宜工艺反应条件。试验考察了反应温度、p H和反应物反应计量比等对DES去除率的影响。结果显示,在p H4.5、25℃、[HRP]0/[DES]0为1.000 U/μmol和MH2 O2∶MDES(反应摩尔比)为1∶2的反应条件下,反应3 h,DES去除率可达到92.08%。研究表明,HRP催化H2O2氧化DES反应的适宜条件是:p H4.5左右,温度25℃左右,[HRP]0/[DES]0为1.000 U/μmol,MH2 O2:MDES宜大于0.5;过量H2O2抑制HRP催化活性;DES起始浓度越高,其去除速率越大;以底物DES去除速率表示的最大反应速率Vmax和米氏常数Km分别为74.63 mmol/(L·h)和46.75 mmol/L。     

臭氧/紫外-活性炭工艺去除水源水中莠去津的效能研究

为了考察高级氧化技术对水中莠去津处理效果,分别通过臭氧(O3)氧化与活性炭组合工艺、紫外(UV)消毒与活性炭组合工艺、臭氧-紫外与活性炭组合工艺这3种处理方法对松花江哈尔滨段江水中的莠去津处理效果进行试验.试验结果表明,莠去津去除效果O3/UV-活性炭工艺＞UV-活性炭工艺＞O3-活性炭工艺,且与活性炭联用技术都比单独工艺效果要好,经O3/UV-活性炭工艺处理后出水中莠去津的平均浓度为0.033 μg/L.     

高级氧化法处理腈纶厂废水的研究进展

介绍了腈纶厂废水的主要来源和危害,并综述了几种高级氧化法在处理腈纶废水、丙烯腈废水中的研究进展,同时分析了高级氧化法处理腈纶厂废水的作用机理、优势和存在的问题,并对其应用前景提出了展望。     

Study on Chemical Components of Alkaline Nitrobenzene Oxidation from Plantation Woods

This paper deals with the chemical components and the chemical structure of lignin of Chinese fir and Poplar I-214 from plantationforest. The results revealed that the contents ofchemical component in heart wood and sapwood were almost the same except ethanol-benzene extract both in Chinese fir and in Poplar I-214, The contents of ash, holocellulose, α -cellulose, pentosan, ethanol-benzene extract and cold-water extract in Poplar I-214 were higher than that in Chinesefir, The content of lignin in Poplar I-214 was lower than that in Chinese flr. Vanillin, vanillic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were found in Chinesefir while vanillin and vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringaldehyde and syringic acid werefound in Poplar I-214 in investigation of the chemical structure of lignin by using nitrobenzene oxidization method.     

Study on some functional and compositional properties of yak butter lipid

The present experiment was performed to determine some functional properties of yak butter lipids such as lipid class composition; conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) composition, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis, tyrosinase inhibition activity and antioxidant property. Yak butter lipids composition contained 98% triacylglycerols, 0.9% free fatty acids, 0.32% free sterols and 0.27% phospholipids. The CLA content in yak butter was 2.5% and the major portion was of cis‐9 and trans‐11 (90%). The DSC analysis of yak butter lipids showed a similar path for transition temperature as cow butter lipids, although the enthalpy of yak lipid was higher (40.0 mJ/mg) compared to cow butter lipids (32.0 mJ/mg). Melting point of yak butter was observed at 41°C. Yak butter with lactic acid, NaCl, citric acid and ascorbic acid showed pronounced tyrosinase inhibition activity. Vegetable oils blended with yak butter have extended the oxidation induction time.     

LF4合金在磷酸盐-氢氧化钠溶液中的微弧氧化

在磷酸盐混合体系中对LF4合金进行微弧氧化，制得了厚达90μm、显微硬度超过1200HV的陶瓷氧化膜。采用电子能谱（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜(SEM）等表面分析方法综合分析了膜层的成分、形貌及结构，并初步讨论了LF4合金微弧氧化膜的形成过程。     

水分亏缺条件下草莓幼苗几个水分生理指标的变化

在离体脱水和不同浓度蔗糖溶液培养条件下,对草莓幼苗的脂质过氧化作用产物丙二醛、过氧化物歧化酶、细胞膜相对透性和组织相对含水量的变化及其相互关系进行研究。结果表明:随着组织相对含水量降低,丙二醛含量增高,细胞膜相对透性增大;丙二醛含量和组织相对含水量之间呈负相关;r新茎=0.89(HS),r叶片=0.75(HS),组织细胞膜相对透性随着丙二醛含量的增高而增大;在离体条件下过氧化物歧化酶对丙二醛含量增高有一定抑制作用。