Effects of water state of soil on ecological boundary of leaf Surface ofpopulus davidiana

The effect of water state of soil on eco-boundary over leaf surface was disscussed by takingPopulus davidiana as experimental material. The results show that to change soil water state by some methods was to adjust and control the forming quality of eco-boundary in fact. The plant in good water condition must be accompanied by thinner eco-boundary. This eco-boundary is beneficial to exchange and flow of the substances between plant and environment. Suifenhe Animal and Plant Quarantine Bureau The study was supported by The Chinese Natural Science Foundation, No. 39470136 (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

柚矮化病的品种感病性调查

以特征性症状春梢叶片扭曲畸形和枝条茎陷点为诊断依据，调查结果表明，５５个柚类品种中有２２个发病，占调查品种数的４０％；２８个沙田柚砧穗组合中有２２个发病，占调查砧穗组合数的７８．５％。以沙田柚实生苗和酸柚实生苗作指示植物，对温州蜜柑上的类似矮化病的叶片扭曲症状进行鉴定的结果，指示植物上表现出与接种沙田柚矮化病病原的指示植物相似的春梢叶片扭曲及茎陷点症状。     

Gene Expression of Enzymes for Starch and Sucrose Metabolism and Transport in Leaf Sheaths of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the Heading Period in Relation to the Sink to Source Transition

Abstract

Leaf sheaths of rice plants are known to temporarily accumulate starch prior to heading, which is subsequently remobilized and transported into the panicle after heading. We investigated the time course for both carbohydrate content and steady state mRNA levels of enzymes related to starch and sucrose metabolism in the rice leaf sheath (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). Leaf sheaths from the second leaf below the flag leaf accumulated high levels of starch before heading but they rapidly decreased after heading. In contrast, the flag leaf sheath did not accumulate as much starch. In the second leaf sheath, the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in starch synthesis, ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2. 7. 7. 27), soluble starch synthase (EC 2. 4. 1.21) and branching enzyme (EC 2. 4. 1. 18) were high before heading, which coincided with rapid accumulation of starch. The mRNA levels of sucrose synthesis enzymes, cytosolic FBPase (EC 3. 1. 3. 11) and sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2. 4. 1. 14), and the sucrose transporter (OsSUTI) increased at the time of heading, which was largely coincident with a decrease in the mRNA levels of starch synthesis enzymes. In the flag leaf sheaths, changes in mRNA levels of starch synthesis enzymes were not pronounced, however mRNA levels of sucrose synthesis enzymes and the sucrose transporter showed a clear increase throughout the heading period. The different characteristics observed between the two leaf sheaths will be discussed in relation to the sink to source transition.     

种子直播建立高标准银杏采叶园技术的研究

专用型银杏采叶园，已成为当今银杏栽培的最主要模式。种子直播建立银杏采叶园，使生产成本大大地降低，实现了当年投资当年取得显著的经济效益。笔者从①种子的选择；②种子贮藏与播种方法；③覆盖技术；④根外补肥技术入手，旨在解决种子建园中的出芽率问题、病害问题、采叶量问题。为我省的银杏采叶园建设提供量的参考。     

植物叶面积测定方法的比较研究

以两个不同品种的大豆叶片为研究对象，采用了不同的测定方法测定叶面积，分析并指出各种测定方法的优缺点，为在不同测定条件和实验目的要求下选择不同的叶面积测定方法提供依据，也为研究人员提供更加准确、快速、简便和经济的测定方法和依据。     

葡萄枝叶自然青贮中优选乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

本研究旨在对葡萄枝叶青贮饲料中天然附着优势乳酸菌进行分离培养和鉴定,为葡萄枝叶资源的饲料化利用提供可靠的乳酸菌资源。利用分子生物学鉴定法(16S rDNA序列分析)与传统的微生物鉴定法对分离出的乳酸菌进行鉴定,最终得到5株乳酸菌菌株,其中Q1菌株鉴定为肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenterica),Q2和Q5菌株鉴定为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium),Q3菌株鉴定为铅黄色肠球菌(Enterococcus casseliflavus),Q4菌株鉴定为海氏肠球菌(Enterococcus hirae)。所筛选出的乳酸菌除L.mesenterica在pH为9时不能生长,其余菌株均能在pH 3～9,4℃～45℃,3%和6.5% NaCl浓度环境下生长;其中E.hirae菌株在培养至24 h后其菌液pH可达到4.11,OD值为1.42,表现出最强的生长及产酸能力。     

盐胁迫对无芒雀麦幼苗叶片形态及解剖结构的影响

为了探究盐胁迫下无芒雀麦（Bromus inermis）幼苗叶片形态及解剖结构的适应性变化,本研究以‘乌苏一号’无芒雀麦（Bromus inermis Leyss.‘Wusu No.1’）为材料,分别采用NaCl：Na₂SO₄：Na₂CO₃=4：1：0（A盐）,NaCl：Na₂SO₄：Na₂CO₃=1：4：0（B盐）和NaCl：Na₂SO₄：Na₂CO₃=1：1：8（C盐）3种混合盐进行胁迫处理,其中A,B盐为中性盐,C为碱性盐,每种混合盐均设置四个不同的电导率（Electrical conductivity,EC）梯度5,10,15,20 ms·cm^-1,以浇灌自来水为对照组（CK）。试验结果表明,当C盐EC值为15 ms·cm^-1,A和B盐EC值均为20 ms·cm^-1时,各处理下幼苗的生长受到明显抑制;3种混合盐处理下,随着EC的增加,中脉厚度、主脉维管束直径、上下表皮细胞厚度、木质部面积变化均呈显著下降趋势,而上角质层厚度、韧皮部面积则表现出先增后降的变化趋势。总之,EC值<10 ms·cm^-1时,碱性盐比中性盐更促进无芒雀麦叶片各项指标的增长,当EC值>10 ms·cm^-1时,碱性盐对幼苗的抑制作用显著大于中性盐。     

马尾松净光合速率初步研究

本文研究了马尾松一年生苗的鳞叶及幼树１、２年生针叶的月龄与净光合速率的变化规律；马尾松天然更新树团的生境，生产结构，净光合速率及净生产力的变化。进一步论述了马尾松的光合生态特性，并据此对马尾松育苗，培育过程中抚育管理措施制订及实施的最佳时段进行了论证。     

悬铃木叶片再生体系的建立

以悬铃木为试验材料 ,系统地研究了激素浓度、叶片生理状态、光照条件等诸多因素对叶片再生的影响 ,建立了悬铃木叶片外植体的不定芽高频再生体系。研究结果表明 ,以顶部充分伸展的 4 0d叶龄的无菌苗叶片为外植体 ,再生效果最好 ,将此类叶片放在含 1 5mg·L- 1 6 -BA ,0 5mg·L- 1 IBA和 0 5mg·L- 1 KT的MS分化培养基上 ,暗培养 7d后转到光下培养 ,15d后便可见到不定芽不经过或经过很少的愈伤组织阶段 ,直接从叶片上分化产生 ,出现的高峰期在接种后的 2 0～ 30d ,芽分化率高达 98%以上。待小芽长至 1～ 2cm ,将其从叶片上切下 ,转到芽伸长培养基 (MS 0 3mg·L- 1 6 -BA 0 0 5mg·L- 1 NAA 30mg·L- 1 Ad)上使小芽长大成苗 ,最后移到生根培养基(1 2MS 0 1mg·L - 1NAA)上 ,最终得到完整的植株。该再生体系可作为基因转化的受体系统。     

不同梨品种叶片光合特性及其影响因素研究

以莱阳茌梨、栖霞小香水梨和黄县长把梨为试材,应用CIRAS-II便携式光合测定仪,研究了光合有效辐射、叶龄、叶位和方位对不同梨品种叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明:晴天条件下,所有供试梨品种的净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈不对称双峰曲线;阴天条件下表现为单峰曲线。正面受光叶片的Pn显著高于背面受光叶片。此外,光合速率还受到叶位和叶龄的影响,相同方位外围新梢叶片的净光合速率以基部第7-9叶片最高,且拟合曲线呈抛物线状。Pn随叶龄的增加呈“低—高—低”的趋势,30 d叶龄的莱阳茌梨和栖霞小香水梨叶片具有最大的Pn,而黄县长把梨是40d叶龄。