基于MK—SVR模型的小麦叶面积指数遥感反演

提出了运用多核支持向量回归(MK-SVR)算法构建小麦叶面积指数(LAI)遥感监测模型。以2010—2013年试验样点小麦拔节、孕穗、开花3期的实测LAI数据为基础,同步获取我国自主研发的环境减灾卫星HJ-CCD对该研究区域的影像数据,分析了各生育期小麦LAI与8种植被指数间的相关性。以显著相关的植被指数作为输入参数,使用MK-SVR算法构建了每个生育期的小麦LAI反演模型,即MK-SVR-LAI模型。为了评价模型,每期使用单一核支持向量回归(SK-SVR)、偏最小二乘(PLS)回归算法构建了SK-SVR-LAI、PLS-LAI模型。将模型估算LAI值和田间观测LAI值进行比对,以决定系数(R2)和均方根误差(RMSE)为指标评价并比较了模型。结果表明:3个生育期MK-SVR-LAI模型的RMSE值均低于参比模型,拔节期为0.293 1,孕穗期为0.466 8,开花期为0.548 6,且该模型的R2也都最高,拔节期为0.762 4,孕穗期为0.801 8,开花期为0.668 9。     

Senescence of Top Three Leaves in Field‐Grown Rice Plants

Abstract

The top three leaves play important roles in biomass production and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop since the three leaves not only assimilate majority of carbon for grain filling during ripening phase, but also provide large proportion of remobilized‐nitrogen (N) for grain development during their senescence. The objectives of this study were to (a) compare senescence of the top three leaves and (b) compare the changes in N, chlorophyll, and ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) contents of the top three leaves after their full expansion in field‐grown rice plants. When the basis of comparison among the top three leaves was plant age in terms of days after transplanting (DAT), senescence generally started earliest in ?3rd leaf, intermediate in ?2nd leaf, and latest in flag leaf. If the basis of comparison among the top three leaves was leaf age in terms of days after full leaf expansion (DAFE), it was not clear which leaf senesced earlier. Senescence rate was generally greatest in flag leaf, intermediate in ?2nd leaf, and smallest in ?3rd leaf. Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content declined earlier, and at a faster rate than N and chlorophyll contents during the senescence of all top three leaves. Correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between N and chlorophyll contents. Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content correlated with N content better than with chlorophyll content. The suitability of N, chlorophyll, and Rubisco contents for quantifying the leaf senescence of field‐grown rice plants is discussed.     

Reflectance-based assessment of spider mite “bio-response” to maize leaves and plant potassium content in different irrigation regimes

It is widely accepted that pest infestations elicit a change in plant physiology, which cause detectable changes in crop leaf reflectance. In this study, we test the hypothesis that crop leaf reflectance may also be used to forecast the risk of pest infestation before they actually occur. We collected reflectance data in 160 spectral bands from 405 to 907 nm from excised leaf pieces from field grown maize plants under 3 irrigation regimes. Leaf material was collected at weekly intervals in two growing seasons. The same leaf pieces were used in choice bioassays with carmine spider mites to assess attractiveness to mites (spider mite “bio-response”) across irrigation regimes. In one growing season, we also obtained nutritional element data (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, starch, lignin, Ca, P, Mg, K, S, and Cl) from whole maize plants. Principal component analysis showed that potassium content (K) was highly negatively correlated with spider mite bio-response. Relative reflectance at 740 nm showed a highly significant and positive trend across spider mite bio-response classes, and that potassium content showed a highly significant and negative trend across the same classes. Thus, we argue that relative reflectance at 740 nm may be used to predict both potassium content and risk of spider mite infestation. Based on extensive reviews, potassium leaf content is known to reduce susceptibility of crops to pests. The results presented provide encouraging support for remotely sensed risk assessment of pest infestations through reflectance-based monitoring of maize leaf attractiveness and highlight that reflectance based monitoring of crop susceptibility may be possible through careful management of macro element crop properties, such as potassium content.     

剪叶对春油菜源库关系的影响

试验以春油菜青油-46为供试材料,在花期进行剪叶处理,研究源的减少对库器官的分化和形成的影响,研究表明:油菜花期去叶减少了源的面积,影响了油菜光合产物的积累,使油菜株高降低,茎秆变细,分枝减少,角粒数下降,千粒重增加,角果大小、单位角果皮面积的生产力(PPA)、单位角果皮面积负担的籽粒数(SNPA)下降,生物产量和经济产量降低,对分枝产量的影响大于主花序,且去叶越多下降越大,其中去短柄叶的影响大于长柄叶。     

高产型徐香猕猴桃树体结构及土壤养分状况分析

为明确猕猴桃果园的生产潜力，在普查的基础上对两个管理水平较高的徐香猕猴桃果园的树体结构及土壤养分状况进行分析。结果表明，高产型徐香猕猴桃树体的合理结构为成龄树冬季修剪后单株保留17个左右结果母枝，每枝保留15~21个有效芽，折合每667 m留长枝量为1 496个，留芽量为22 440~23 760个，7月份叶果比为3.33∶1。土壤速效氮为16.5 mg/kg，速效磷64.8 mg/kg，速效钾209.6 mg/kg，速效镁和速效铁分别156.6 mg/kg和3.58 mg/kg，有机质含量1.13%。可见，充足的肥料投入、枝芽数量及合理的叶果比是高产稳产的基本保证。     

丰抗2号冬小麦抗锈性基因的染色体定位研究

 用"中国春"单体系和抗锈品种"丰抗2号"杂交,对其抗病基因进行染色体定位。结果表明,丰抗2号对条锈菌小种25号的单显性抗病基因位于5B染色体上;对叶锈菌小种38号的单显性抗病基因位于5A染色体上。位于5B和5A染色体上的两个分别抵抗条锈和叶锈病的基因可能是新的抗病基因。     

苹果离体叶片高效再生不定芽技术研究

苹果不同品种叶片再生不定芽能力不同,嘎拉再生能力最强,其次是乔纳金,富士最难再生。用继代培养３ 年以上、当代培养３０ ～５０ ｄ 的试管苗,取顶部第２ ～４ 叶位幼嫩叶片,远轴面向下接触培养基,再生效率高。诱导叶片再生不定芽适宜培养基为ＭＳ＋ ＴＤＺ１．０ ｍｇ·ｌ－ １（ 富士、乔纳金）或ＢＡ５ ．０ ｍｇ·ｌ－ １ ＋ ＮＡＡ０ ．１ ～０．２ ｍｇ·ｌ－ １ ＋ 蔗糖３５ ．０ ｇ·ｌ－ １ ＋ 琼脂６ ．２ ｇ·ｌ－ １（ 嘎拉） 。     

贮藏条件对苜蓿叶蛋白功能性酶的影响

以苜蓿为原料,采用酸碱法沉淀叶蛋白凝聚物。冷冻干燥后,分析叶蛋白中常规营养成分的含量和氨基酸组成,以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的含量;得到的苜蓿叶蛋白分别在常温、4℃、-20℃、-40℃条件下储藏,在2周、4周、8周、12周时取样,分析超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性在储藏过程中的变化。结果表明：苜蓿叶蛋白中常规营养成分的含量远高于日常食品,各种氨基酸种类齐全;苜蓿叶蛋白中含有丰富的SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶;低温对SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的酶活性保存率保存效果最好。     

Anthracnose of centipede grass caused by Colletotrichum caudatum

Anthracnose disease was found on centipede grass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] planted as a ground cover on paddy field levees in Shiga Prefecture in 2004. The symptoms were ear blight, stalk blight, and leaf spots. The causal fungus was morphologically identified as Colletotrichum caudatum (Sacc.) Peck. This is the first report of centipede grass anthracnose caused by C. caudatum.     

枣离体叶片高效再生植株的研究

 以‘黄骅冬枣’组培苗叶片为试材, 研究了叶片幼嫩程度、叶片来源、组培苗状态以及植物生长调节剂等对离体叶片诱导不定芽再生的影响, 并获得了完整的再生植株。结果表明, 以未生根组培苗中上部叶片再生效果较好; TDZ诱导叶片再生不定芽的效果显著优于BA; 离体叶片在MS + TDZ 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1} + IBA 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基中诱导培养28 d后, 转入MS + IBA 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} + GA₃ 0.05 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基中二次培养, 叶片再生效果最好, 再生率可达92.45%。将叶片再生植株转入MS +BA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1} + KT0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} + IBA 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基中继代增殖培养, 增殖系数达3.64。以1 /2MS + IAA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基诱导生根, 生根率87.1%。生根苗大田移栽成活率达到57%。