浅谈兰州畜牧业的现状与发展建议

针对兰州市畜牧业发展现状和存在问题,提出了兰州市畜牧业的发展建议是以市场为导向,建立畜产品基地;大力发展饲草产业;利用现代科技手段,加快畜牧产业的发展;依托龙头企业,推进畜牧业产业化进程;建立畜产品专业批发市场,加大销售力度;组织标准化生产,提高质量水平;大力推广畜产品生产技术,加强信息服务。     

A Survey of Viruses of Alstroemeria in the UK and the Characterisation of Carlaviruses Infecting Alstroemeria

Alstroemeria samples collected in the UK were tested for a range of viruses using ELISA. Alstroemeria mosaic virus (AlMV), alstroemeria carlavirus (AlCV), lily symptomless virus (LSV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) were detected either singly or in combination in 67.5% of 203 samples. AlCV and LSV isolates from Alstroemeria and lily were studied and characterised serologically using existing antisera, and by PCR, using primers to an 11kDa open reading frame (ORF) unique to carlaviruses and to the coat protein gene of LSV. Sequences of isolates of AlCV and LSV from the coat protein gene were 94–99% similar and were 99% similar in the 11kDa ORF, supporting the view that these are strains of the same virus.     

Effect of bulb storage temperature on leaf emergence and plant development during scale propagation of Lilium longiflorum ‘White American’

Effects of temperature and duration of bulb storage on leaf emergence of scale bulblets and on the type of plant development were investigated in Lilium longiflorum ‘White American’. After the parent bulbs had been stored for 0, 5, 10 or 15 weeks at 30, 20, 10, or 0°C, scales collected from different parts of a bulb were scale-propagated at 25 or 14°C, or under the temperature regimes normally used in The Netherlands. Independently of the scale position, a higher storage temperature promoted leaf emergence from scale bulblets, whereas a lower temperature delayed it. Higher storage temperatures produced more epigeous type plants, especially from outer and middle scales. Sprouting of the parent bulb had no effect on leaf emergence from the scale bulblets nor on the type of plant development.     

风沙区水保优良灌木──杨柴的育苗技术

风沙区水保优良灌木──杨柴的育苗技术杨柴又名蒙古岩黄芪（ＨｅｄｙｓａｒｕｍｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃｕｍＴｕｒｃｚ．）、踏郎、三花子等，为豆科小灌木，高１～２米；根蘖性强，常“一株成林”；抗干旱，耐沙埋，抗逆性强，是优良的固沙先锋树种。成熟的杨柴种子除可榨油外...     

兰州大学草坪与绿地植物病虫害调查与养护技术

通过对兰州大学运动场草坪和绿地草坪病虫害调查，共发现由12种病原真菌引起的23种真菌病害，分别寄生于5属6种坪用和绿地植物。危害兰州大学草坪草早熟禾Poa pratensis病害3种、黑麦草Lolium perenne病害5种，高羊茅Festuca arundinacea病害2种、紫羊茅F．Rubra病害2种、苜蓿Medicago sativa病害6种及白三叶rifolium repens病害5种。其中主要病害有：禾草交链孢叶斑病Alternaria alternata，禾草根腐离蠕孢叶斑病Bipolaris sorokiniana，禾草新月弯孢叶斑病Curvularia lunata，禾草褐斑病Rhizoctonia solani，早熟禾德氏霉叶斑病Drechslera poae，苜蓿褐斑病Pseudopeziza medicaginis，苜蓿黑茎病Phoma medicaginis，苜蓿炭疽菌Colletotrichum medicaginis，苜蓿锈病Uromyces striatus，三叶草锈病U.trifolii及三叶草白粉病Erysiphe pisi和苜蓿白粉病E．Pisi。危害兰州大学草地的主要有害生物有2类：蛴螬类和蛞蝓Agriolimax agrestis。在调查基础上，提出了一些切实可行的病虫害综合防治技术措施。     

Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ during bulb production under controlled environments : I. Effects of constant,variable and greenhouse day/night temperature regimes on scale and stem bulblets

One-year-old scale and stem bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown under constant and variable growth chamber conditions and greenhouse conditions to compare growth and development and bulb production. Eight temperatures regimes were established using the following: six growth chambers set to provide day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C; a seventh growth chamber (VAR) programmed to begin at 22/18 °C, then decline in three 4–5 week steps to 10/6 °C, and subsequently increase in three 4–5 week steps to 22/18 °C to simulate seasonal field temperatures in the coastal bulb production area of northern California and southern Oregon; and a double layer polyethylene greenhouse (GH) set to begin cooling at 22 °C and heating at 18 °C. Ten percent of the scale bulblets and 35% of the stem bulblets failed to develop shoots (“no-shows”). “No-shows” increased with increasing temperature with a significant number starting at 18/14 °C. The moderately high GH temperature also induced “no-shows”. Maximum basal bulb (the main planted bulb) weight occurred at 26/22 °C for both bulblet types. Scale bulblets not only produced heavier basal bulbs with a larger circumference than stem bulblets, but also produced heavier stem bulbs. Stem bulb formation and production was maximized in the range of 18/14–26/22 °C and in the GH for scale bulblets. Stem bulb production from stem bulblets did not differ from zero. Scale bulblets produced more basal and stem roots than the stem bulblets at the end of the early growth period, but there was no significant difference at the end of the study. Root fresh weight was greatest in the range of 14/10–18/14 °C and declined at higher or lower temperatures. The VAR and GH treatments had similar root weights to those at 18/14 °C. Shoot length was maximized at 22/18 °C for stem bulblets and in the GH and at 22/18 °C for scale bulblets. Stem plus leaf (shoot) fresh weight was not statistically different between bulblet types with the exception of an increased weight for stem bulblets grown at 22/18 °C. Scale bulblets in the GH had greater stem plus leaf weights than scale bulblets in the other temperature regimes. Shoot leaf number was highest in stem bulblets at 22/18 °C and in the GH. In these two temperature treatments, more leaves were produced by stem bulblets than scale bulblets. In all other treatments, there was no significant difference in leaf number. Bulblet type had no effect on number of flowers produced. Flower number was maximum in the range 10/6–22/18 °C, decreased at 26/22 °C and in the GH, and was absent at 30/26 °C. For bulb production, reduced flowering is desired since flowers are generally removed during the outdoor bulb production period. Meristem abortion, which also causes a desirable reduction in flowers, was greater in scale bulblets. It occurred at 26/22 °C and was greater at 30/26 °C. Scale bulbs produced the largest main bulbs, with a maximum yield at 26/22 °C.     

东方百合鳞茎冷藏解除休眠的养分代谢和酶活性变化

 以自繁的东方百合鳞茎为材料, 研究在2℃、5℃和8℃条件下, 鳞片中淀粉、可溶性总糖、还原糖含量和几种酶活性的变化。在8周的冷藏期内, 淀粉含量持续明显下降, 可溶性糖和还原糖含量增加, CAT、POD、SOD酶的活性在冷藏第1周下降极显著, 而α - 淀粉酶活性在第3周出现峰值, 自冷藏第4周后4种代谢酶活性均处于低水平。本试验中, 不同低温处理间的差异不大, 冷藏第7周后可解除休眠。     

城乡结合部土地利用变化的驱动要素分析——以兰州市和平镇为例

以甘肃省兰州市和平镇作为兰州市城乡结合部的典型区域,以2002～2008年的统计数据为基础,应用逐步回归分析方法,建立土地利用变化驱动力模型,并对该区域的驱动要素及其动态过程进行分析.结果表明:和平镇的建设用地持续向外扩张,二、三产业占GDP比重和非农人口数是驱动土地利用变化的主要因素.     

不同肥料配比对旱地兰州百合产量、品质及养分累积的影响

大田旱作条件下,研究了氮磷钾不同施肥配比对兰州百合产量、品质和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,PK和NK处理比对照CK增产3.2%和7.0%,NP处理比对照CK减产2.6%,化肥种类对兰州百合产量的影响顺序为钾肥＞氮肥＞磷肥。NPK处理较对照CK增产36.1%（P＜0.05）。兰州百合为喜钾作物,适量施用钾肥可以提高其产量、总糖和粗淀粉含量。     

兰州市空气质量变化趋势及改善途径分析

根据兰州市1990~2002年空气中SO2、NOX、TSP等大气污染物浓度的变化情况,分析了空气质量随年、季节变化的趋势和原因,并结合当地的能源结构、气候特征、城市综合发展水平,探讨了改善兰州市空气质量变化趋势的途径,为防治和减轻兰州市的空气污染提供科学依据。