饲料添加砷制剂对小鼠铁吸收的影响

为探讨饲料中添加砷制剂对小鼠铁吸收的影响,45只小鼠被随机分为3组,各组在基础日粮中分别添加0,40,80mg／kg砷（以洛克沙胂形式）,试验期30d。试验结束后,收取各组粪便和组织器官测定铁含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,40mg／kg砷组铁表观吸收率提高14．57％,80mg／kg砷组铁表观吸收率则降低了14．93％;40mg／kg砷组小鼠肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、小肠和腿肌铁含量显著升高（P〈O．05）,80mg／kg砷组则显著降低（P〈O．05）;但两组分别于停砷后5,7d,组织器官铁恢复正常水平。这表明40mg／kg砷水平可促进铁的吸收,相反80mg／kg砷水平则抑制铁的吸收。     

甲基汞对鲤鱼血浆渗透压及鳃丝Na＋－K＋－ATPase活性的影响

以水体甲基汞不同浓度（μｇ／Ｌ）分别染毒鲤鱼２４小时和１周。实验结果表明：在浓度高于５０μｇ／Ｌ染毒２４小时和浓度２０μｇ／Ｌ染毒１周时，多数染毒鱼的血浆Ｋ＋和Ｍｇ２＋浓度增高，Ｎａ＋和Ｃｌ－浓度下降，ＰＯ３－４值变化不明显。血浆Ｃａ２＋浓度仅在２００μｇ／Ｌ染毒２４小时和高于４０μｇ／Ｌ染毒１周时，染毒鱼的血浆Ｃａ２＋出现极显著下降。甲基汞量高于１００μｇ／Ｌ染毒２４小时和８０μｇ／Ｌ染毒１周，染毒鱼的血浆渗透压呈明显下降趋势。鳃线粒体Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性仅在染毒２４小时浓度为２５μｇ／Ｌ和５０μｇ／Ｌ剂量时受到抑制。甲基汞还引起了血糖含量的明显增高。     

Using a stand-level model to predict light absorption in stands with vertically and horizontally heterogeneous canopies

Background： Forest ecosystem functioning is strongly influenced by the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation （APAR）, and therefore, accurate predictions of APAR are critical for many process-based forest growth models. The Lambert-Beer law can be applied to estimate APAR for simple homogeneous canopies composed of one layer, one species, and no canopy gaps. However, the vertical and horizontal structure of forest canopies is rarely homogeneous. Detailed tree-level models can account for this heterogeneity but these often have high input and computational demands and work on finer temporal and spatial resolutions than required by stand-level growth models. The aim of this study was to test a stand-level light absorption model that can estimate APAR by individual species in mixed-species and multi-layered stands with any degree of canopy openness including open-grown trees to closed canopies. Methods： The stand-level model was compared with a detailed tree-level model that has already been tested in mixed-species stands using empirical data. Both models were parameterised for five different forests, including a wide range of species compositions, species proportions, stand densities, crown architectures and canopy structures. Results： The stand-level model performed well in all stands except in the stand where extinction coefficients were unusually variable and it appears unlikely that APAR could be predicted in such stands using （tree- or stand-level） models that do not allow individuals of a given species to have different extinction coefficients, leaf-area density or analogous parameters. Conclusion： This model is parameterised with species-specific information about extinction coefficients and mean crown length, diameter, height and leaf area. It could be used to examine light dynamics in complex canopies and in stand-level growth models.     

菠萝叶纤维与其它植物纤维的吸湿性能对比测试及分析

利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等测试方法对菠萝叶纤维、亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维和棉花纤维的微观形态结构进行了分析。分析认为:菠萝叶纤维的形态结构有区别于其它三种植物纤维,有较大的比表面积;菠萝叶纤维的结晶度与亚麻纤维和苎麻纤维接近,高于棉花纤维。在热带标准状态下,采用烘箱干燥法和回归模型分析法,对测试的四种进行了吸湿、放湿测试与分析。结果表明:在吸湿性能方面,菠萝叶纤维表现最佳,棉花纤维最差;在纤维吸湿平衡回潮率和吸湿速率方面,菠萝叶纤维与亚麻纤维和苎麻纤维相近,且高于棉花纤维;在纤维放湿平衡回潮率和放湿速率方面,菠萝叶纤维高于亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维和棉花纤维。     

离子浓度和一氧化氮供体对池塘养殖鳗鲡精子活力的影响

鳗鲡是世界性的优质养殖鱼类,20世纪80年代以来养鳗业迅速发展,已成为水产产业化程度最高的养殖品种之一,但养殖所需的苗种完全靠天然捕捞。早在1934年Boucher等[1]就用孕妇尿促使雄性欧洲鳗(A.anguilla)精巢成熟,Yamamoto和Yamauch于1974年对日本鳗鲡进行人工催熟获得精子[2],但多年来鳗鲡精子质量和数量一直在波动(数量JOURNALOFFISHERIESOFCHINA　　　　　　　　　　　Vol.27,No.4　为0.1～0.4g,运动精子为20%～50%)[3,4],因此,如何稳定和提高精子的质量和数量的研究是非常必要的。绝大多数鱼类的受精过程是在体外条件下进…     

尼罗罗非鱼淀粉酶性质的初步研究

研究了尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)肝脏淀粉酶的基本性质及金属离子对该鱼淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明:罗非鱼淀粉酶活力的最适pH是6.5,最适底物浓度是2%。研究金属离子对该鱼淀粉酶活力影响,一价金属离子K+、Li+、Na+对酶活力影响较小;二价金属离子Cu2+对酶活力具有抑制作用,Zn2+对酶活力无明显影响;三价金属离子Al3+对酶活力具有抑制作用,但效果不是很强烈,Fe3+对酶活力具有明显的激活作用;碱土金属Mg2+、Ca2+对淀粉酶活性有激活作用,而Ba2+对酶具有抑制作用;重金属离子Cd2+、Pb2+有明显的抑制作用。     

小肽营养研究进展

小肽(sp)是动物降解蛋白质为氨基酸过程中的中间产物,对动物的重要营养有重要的营养作用。本文就小肽的吸收机制和特点、影响小肽释放和吸收的因素、小肽的营养作用以及其在动物营养中的应用等作一综述。     

Bioavailability of amino acids chelated and glass embedded zinc to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fingerlings

A 2 × 4 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of zinc (Zn) from amino acids chelated (Zn–Am) and glass embedded Zn (Zn–Gl) as sources for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , fed practical type diets. Two levels of Zn (20 and 40 mg kg⁻¹) were supplemented to the diets using either zinc sulphate (Zn–Sf), zinc methionine (Zn–Mt), Zn–Am or Zn–Gl. Rainbow trout with an average weight of 2 g were fed the experimental diets for 15 weeks. Growth and feed gain ratio (FGR) were not significantly influenced by the dietary Zn content and forms. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity for both levels of Zn–Am was significantly higher than that of Zn–Sf and Zn–Gl at 20 mg supplementation. In another experiment, fish of about 95 g were fed the same experimental diets to determine the absorption of Zn and it was found to be significantly higher from Zn–Am compared with the rest. Retention from Zn–Am at 20 mg was significantly higher than the rest, excluding Zn–Sf. The results suggest that the availability of Zn from Zn–Am might be superior among the sources compared.     

挤压膨化与改性处理海带渣的油污吸附特性试验

利用挤压膨化和改性处理的海带渣进行了油污吸附材料制备的试验研究,探讨了海带渣粒度和玉米碴添加量对挤压膨化海带渣油污吸附特性的影响,以及硬脂酸添加量、海带渣粒度和改性时间对改性海带渣油污吸附特性的影响。研究表明：增加玉米碴添加量,可提高挤压膨化海带渣的吸油率、吸油速率和漂浮率,但吸水率亦提高;海带渣粒度越小,挤压膨化后的海带渣吸油和漂浮效果越好,越不易吸水;当海带渣粒度为0.9 mm、玉米碴添加量为30%时,挤压膨化海带渣具有良好的油污吸附效果,其吸油率、吸油速率和漂浮率分别为142.8%、94.1%和49.4%,吸水率为89.2%。改性试验结果表明：硬脂酸改性可显著提高海带渣的漂浮率,降低其吸水率,但油污吸附效果随硬脂酸添加量的增加而下降;选择粒度较小的海带渣并且保证一定的改性时间,有利于提高油污吸附效果;当海带渣粒度为0.9 mm、硬脂酸添加量为8.5%、改性处理2 h时,海带渣的吸油率、吸油速率和漂浮率分别为217.5%、94.3%、94.0%,吸水率在31.0%以下,吸油率和漂浮率分别是挤压膨化海带渣的1.52倍和1.90倍,吸水率降低了65.2%。     

不同温度下刺参对有机沉积物的摄食与吸收

以常规实验生态方法,研究了不同温度下不同规格刺参对有机沉积物的摄食与吸收,在水温为13 2～22 3℃时,大、中、小3种规格刺参对有机沉积物平均摄食率[g/(g·h)]依次为0 00324,0 00648,0 00959,对有机沉积物平均吸收率依次为7 32%,13 49%,17 61%。温度为15 13℃时,大规格刺参的吸收率最高(15 32%);当温度上升到23 2℃,中、小两种规格刺参吸收率达最高(依次为23 56%、26 49%)。刺参对沉积物中有机物的吸收与利用,降低了水底有机物的含量,可有效抑制水体有害物质的积累及产生。