不同果袋对黄金梨果实套袋效果试验

选用7种不同类型的果袋,在西北高原地区栽培条件下对黄金梨果实进行套袋试验.结果表明:套袋可显著改善黄金梨果实外观品质,提高果实商品质量.套袋黄金梨果实硬度较对照提高4.47%～17.91%,平均单果重、可溶性固形物含量分别较对照降低0.73%～8.45%和1.99%～7.81%.综合比较认为,在7种供试果袋中,以爱农小蜡袋 双层纸袋效果最好.     

南果梨和苹果梨适宜采收期果实生理生化指标初探

针对鞍山海城地区的南果梨和沈阳苏家屯地区的苹果梨初果期和盛果期适宜采收期的生理生化指标进行了详细调查，结果表明：南果梨在海城地区初果期和盛果期最适采收期分别在9月20日、9月15日左右，一级果主要生理指标是：种子变黑指数分别是96．7、95．2，可溶性固形物是16．6％、16．1％，果实自然落果率分别是1．89％、1．26％。苹果梨在苏家屯地区初果期和盛果期最适采收期均在9月30日左右，一级果主要生理指标是：种子变黑指数分别是95．7、96．1，可溶性固形物分别是13．1％、13．4％，果实自然落果率分别是1．98％、2．38％。     

Comparison of S-RNase,RNase T1, T2, and A effects on growth inhibition and RNA degradation of in vitro-cultured pear pollen

To obtain the basic information on fruit set regulation, effects of several RNases including S-RNase on pollen tube growth and RNA degradation in the tube were studied in the pear. Purified S-RNase from the Japanese pear ‘Kosui’ (S₄S₅) predominantly inhibited the growth of ‘Kosui’ pollen tubes (self) in vitro at 0.28 unit μL⁻¹, but it inhibited ‘Chojuro’ (S₂S₃) pollen (cross) only slightly. The same unit of RNase T₁ (EC 3.1.27.3) clearly inhibited the pollen tube growth, but the action was significantly weaker than that of the S-RNase against the self-pollen. Inhibitory effect of RNase T₂ (EC 3.1.27.1) and RNase A (EC 3.1.27.5) was only slight. The proteins other than the S-RNase extracted from pear style did not have any inhibitory action, though they possessed RNase activity 3.8 times higher than S-RNase. Thus, RNases tested here could not substitute for the S-RNase in specific inhibition against the self-pollen tube growth. Total RNA degradation by each RNase occurred in the pollen tubes as following order; S-RNase (self) ≥T₁ > T₂ ≥ A > S-RNase (cross). Degradation degree of 28S and 18S rRNA was as follows; S-RNase (self) > A > T₁ > T₂ > S-RNase (cross). The degradation of 5.8S and 5S rRNA was; S-RNase (self) > S-RNase (cross) > A > T₂ > T_1. The degree of rRNA degradation was, thus, not always in parallel with the degree of pollen growth inhibition. The S-RNase may degrade not only rRNA but also mRNA essential for pollen tube growth, and may be specifically adapted to inhibit the growth of self-pollen tubes. Therefore, controlling S-RNase amount in the style will produce self-thinning cultivars efficiently, which are unnecessary not only for hand-pollination but fruit-thinning practices in the pear. Practically, cultivar with weak self-incompatibility and small amount of S-RNase, such as ‘Okusankichi’, may be an expecting candidate for breeding self-thinning cultivars.     

Ultrastructural study on scab resistance expressed in epidermal pectin layers of pear leaves

Proliferation and collapse of subcuticular hyphae of Venturia nashicola race 1 were studied ultrastructurally, after inoculation of susceptible Japanese pear cv. Kousui, resistant Japanese pear cv. Kinchaku, resistant Asian pear strain Mamenashi 12 and nonhost European pear cv. Flemish Beauty leaves, to understand the nature of the resistance mechanism. After cuticle penetration by the pathogen, the hyphae were observed at lower frequency in epidermal pectin layers and middle lamellae of leaves of the three resistant plants than in those of susceptible ones. This result suggested that fungal growth was suppressed in the incompatible interaction between pear and V. nashicola race 1. In the pectin layers of all inoculated plants, some hyphae had modifications such as breaks in the plasmalemma with plasmolysis, necrotic cytoplasm and degraded cell walls. More hyphae had collapsed in the leaves of the three resistant plants than in those of the susceptible cv. Kousui. In collapsed hyphae, the polymerized cell walls broke into numerous fibrous and amorphous pieces, showing that the scab resistance might be associated with cell wall-degrading enzymes from pear plants.     

鸭梨果实石细胞分化特性研究

以鸭梨为试材,利用透射电镜显微技术和组织化学技术对梨果实石细胞分化及次生壁形成过程进行研究。结果表明,石细胞分化始于开花第7天,原生质体收缩于细胞一侧,随后胞内出现颗粒状凝聚物,次生壁逐渐增厚,之后胞质继续收缩消失,早期形成的石细胞多以群体形式同时出现。石细胞次生壁形成是逐步进行的,即先形成纤维素或半纤维素网架结构,再进行木质化填充。透射电镜下石细胞分化过程中依次呈现出细胞核染色质凝聚、细胞核变形、核膜界限不清晰的现象;胞内出现同心层次的自噬泡,形成大量囊泡;细胞核消失,内质网断裂并大量增生,质膜向内突起形成泡状结构;次生壁增厚,胞内细胞器仅有线粒体和内质网,最终细胞质收缩消失。     

赤霉酸涂布剂在绿宝石梨上的应用效果研究

试验证明,应用赤霉酸涂布剂涂抹果柄,可以有效地减少绿宝石梨裂果率(较对照减少裂果25.38%),增大果个、提高产量(较对照增长14.15%),明显提高经济效益,并使可溶性固形物的含量增加2.55%,果心减小3.48%.用3%赤霉酸脂膏于花后10d涂抹果柄基部长度1.5cm,对减轻绿宝石梨裂果的作用和提高果实其他性状效果最好.     

农优1号苦瓜与丽华苦瓜比较试验初报

为了解农优1号苦瓜与丽华苦瓜在熟性、结果习性、产量、抗病性等方面的对比情况,在春季进行品比试验.结果表明农优1号苦瓜表现早熟、产量高、抗病强.值得进一步示范推广.     

翠冠梨不同采收期生理指标测定及其常温贮藏试验初报

对云和县重河湾森林食品基地所产翠冠梨不6．8-7．6，可溶性固形物含量10．8％-11．1％，果实切片碘溶液染色为淡蓝色或淡黄色，种子颜色为黄褐色；成熟早期采摘的梨果可在常温下贮藏7-10d；中熟时采摘的梨果常温下可贮藏5，6d；全熟后采摘的梨果不宜贮藏。     

金秋梨吸果夜蛾发生规律及无公害防治技术

研究表明:危害金秋梨的吸果夜蛾共有19种,吸食好果的蛾主要有鸟嘴壶夜蛾和落叶夜蛾,全年分别出现1～2次危害高峰;清除梨园周围木防已等寄主植物,应用黄色荧光灯驱避,利用黑光灯诱集吸果夜蛾为鲤鱼食料、套袋及应用生物农药Bt制剂等是防治吸果夜蛾的有效方法;综合使用,可达到最佳防治效果.     

梨树病害综合治理技术

以河北省中南部梨区为例，详细阐述了主要病害的综合治理措施及防治各种病害的常用有效药剂。