Effects of phytogenic feed additives,probiotic and mannan-oligosaccharides on performance,blood metabolites,meat quality,intestinal morphology,and microbial population of Japanese quail

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) and dill (Anethum graveolens) essential oils (AEO and DEO, respectively), probiotic (PRO) and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on the growth performance, serum metabolites, meat quality, intestinal morphology and microbial populations of Japanese quail.

2. A total of 375 one-day-old Japanese quail were randomly allocated into five treatment groups with five replicates of 15 birds each for a 42 d feeding experiment. The dietary treatments were a basal diet (control) or the same diet supplemented with PRO (0.15 g/kg feed), MOS (2 g/kg feed), AEO (0.25 g/kg feed) or DEO (0.25 g/kg feed).

3. AEO, MOS, and PRO supplementation increased weight gain, while diets supplemented with AEO decreased feed intake (FI), and improved feed conversion ratio from d 1 to 21 (P < 0.05). The relative weight of the gizzard was higher in birds supplemented with AEO compared to control group, while the birds fed MOS diet had the longest intestine (P < 0.05). Ceca length was greater in control, MOS and PRO groups (P < 0.05). Both essential oils decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of breast meat and percentage of cooking loss in quail (P < 0.05). The villus length (VL) was greater in birds fed diet supplemented with MOS, AEO, and DEO (P < 0.05).The population of E.coli decreased in Japanese quail fed MOS, while Lactobacilli spp. count was increased in the MOS group (P < 0.05).

4. In conclusion, AEO, MOS, and PRO supplementation exhibited a positive effect on growth performance, while lipid peroxidation of the meat decreased in birds fed AEO and DEO diets. The intestinal morphometric indices increased in quail fed the AEO, MOS, and DEO diets. Supplementation with MOS modulated intestinal microbial populations of the Japanese quail.     

Dicyema sphyrocephalum (Phylum Dicyemida: Dicyemidae) isolated from Korean common octopus Callistoctopus minor in Korea

BackgroundDicyemids are parasites found in the renal sac of cephalopods. The first species of dicyemid was found from kidneys of the Korean common octopus Callistoctopus minor.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the dicyemid and investigate the effect on renal sac of host.MethodsIn this study, we compared the morphological characteristics of isolate to dicyemids (Dicyema sphyrocephalum, Dicyema clavatum, and Dicyema dolichocephalum) reported from C. minor in Japan. We compared the 18S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of isolate to the sequences of D. shyrocephalum and D. clavatum. The infected octopuses renal tissues were histologically compared with the tissues of uninfected individuals.ResultsThe morphological characteristic of this isolated species corresponds to D. sphyrocephalum. The sequences similarities of 18S rDNA and COI gene of isolate are 99.7% and 98.1% with D. sphyrocephalum. We observed morphological changes in the epithelia folds of kidney at the dicyemids attached areas.ConclusionsThe present study identified the isolate as D. sphyrocephalum and this is the first report of dicyemid species from Republic of Korea. Further studies on the effects of dicyemids on growth and health status of cephalopods will be needed.     

中国红松林生态学研究文献概述

文章根据１９５０～１９９１年期间的红松林生态学研究文献的调查和分析，对中国的红松林生态学研究阶段进行了划分，概述了中国红松林生态学研究的动态过程，分析了各阶段的主要研究内容、特点以及存在的问题，探讨了今后红松林研究的发展趋势，指出以生态学为基础的森林生态系统经营是中国不红松林生态学研究的重大课题。     

红松人工林季节周期生长与气象要素的相关分析

在东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场老山人工林实验站，对红松人工林进行了连续５年的定期高、径生长量的观测。将所得的大量数据与对气象因子，经过计算机处理建立高生长季节周期与气象因子、径生长季节周期与气象因子的相关关系模型。经筛选共建立四个季节周期生长模型，并找出了影响季节周期生长的主导因子和限制因子。     

原始红松林群落结构对红松生长影响的研究

本文运用数量化理论Ⅰ,分析和对比了原始红松林群落结构对不同发育阶段红松生长的影响,并初步探讨了适宜红松生长的群落结构特点,指出:随着红松个体的发育,影响其生长的群落结构因子会发生相应的变化。     

帽儿山红松人工林立地质量评价——帽儿山红松人工林立地研究之二

正确地评价森林立地质量和恰当地划分森林立地类型是科学造林、合理经营森林、提高森林生产力的基础。文章为帽儿山红松人工林立地研究之二,在划分了红松人工林立地类型的基础上,又对其立地质量进行了评价。采用数量化多元分析方法,建立了红松人工林优势高与土壤类型、A层厚度、坡向、坡度、坡位、海拔、土壤厚度7项立地因子的数量化回归模型。其复相关系数(0.788 3)达极显著程度。可用于帽儿山地区红松人工林立地生产力预测。所编制的“帽儿山红松人工林立地质量评价表”给出了帽儿山红松人工林立地等级的得分区间,藉此。可将帽儿山红松人工林13个立地类型评为好、较好、差三个等级。     

红松抗落针病优树能力测定及表型综合判别

自1984年以来,在辽宁省东部山区调查大面积红松落针病林分的基础上,选出人工红松抗落针病优树17株。利用抗病优树及不同程度感病的针叶制浸汁培养基,定量接种病原菌(Lophodermium maximum)。研究结果表明:抗病能力与对照比差异极显著,利用判别函数对抗病优树进行综合判别,比经验选择有着更合理的严密性。     

Effect of diets containing earthworm powder and vermihumus on egg production,hatchability, blood parameters and immunity of Japanese breeder quails

The present study is aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of earthworm (EW) powder and vermihumus (VH) on the growth performance, humoral immunity response, plasma constituents and reproductive performance of Japanese breeder quails. A total of 336 birds were assigned to seven treatments in a completely randomized design from day 30 to 90 of age. The dietary treatments were carried out, one without any addition of EW and VH, the second had a standard rate of VH at 0.8%, while a range of EW additions was supplied from 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%. The effects of treatments on body weight and mortality were not significant (p > .05). The highest feed intake was observed in birds fed the diets supplemented with 1% and 1.5% EW (p < .05). The highest titre of antibodies against influenza virus and sheep red blood cells belonged to the EW and VH treatments (p < .05). The antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus vaccine was not affected by the treatments. In general, the birds receiving EW and VH had the highest egg weight, egg production and egg mass weight (p < .05). Nonetheless, various levels of EW powder negatively affected hatchability and increased mortality and leg disorders (p < .05). The results showed that the levels of dietary 1% and 1.5% of EW powder gave the best growth and reproductive performance to birds respectively.     

A Growth Performance and Nonlinear Growth Curve Functions of Large- and Normal-Sized Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

This study aimed to evaluate the differences between the growth patterns of large- and normal-sized Japanese quail strains and their F₁ progeny, by fitting their growth parameter values to five nonlinear regression growth models (Weibull, Logistic, Gompertz, Richards, and Brody). The Richards model presented the best fit for both sexes of the large-sized quail strain, whereas the Gompertz model presented the best fit for both sexes of the normal-sized quail strain, based on goodness-of-fit criteria (higher adjusted R² and lower Akaike and Bayesian information criteria). Both sexes of F₁ birds derived from the cross between normal-sized females and large-sized males were best fitted by the Richards model. In contrast, growth parameters of the F₁ birds derived from the cross between large-sized females and normal-sized males were best fitted to the Gompertz model. The data could be fitted nearly as well to the Weibull and Logistic models as to the Richards and Gompertz models. The Brody model presented the poorest fit for the growth parameter values. The results indicated that the Richards and Gompertz models could best describe the growth characteristics of both large- and normal-sized quails. Moreover, the observed growth pattern of the F₁ birds was likely inherited from the male parental strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the growth curves of the reciprocal F₁ generations with their parental strains in quails.     

基于空间模型的白河林业局天然红松分布

根据长白山地区白河林业局的772块固定标准地调查数据,分别建立以最小二乘法为基础的全局模型(Logistic和Poisson)和以地理加权回归模型(GWR)为基础的局域模型(GWLR和GWPR)来预估该局天然红松的分布情况。结果表明:天然红松分布受坡度和小班内树木平均胸径的影响最为显著,主要分布在东部和西南部地区,在北部的部分地区也有分布,但数量相对较少。通过比较全局模型和局域模型的AIC值和模型残差的空间相关性指数发现:GWR模型的AIC值明显小于全局模型,并且能够产生更为理想的模型残差,即模型残差的空间相关性明显减小,因此,GWR模型可以有效解决样地间空间异质性问题,有利于提高红松分布的预测精度。本研究将为大区域森林经营中的天然红松分布及其株数估测提供理论依据。