鸡与鹌鹑染色体核型比较研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体标本,对鸡与鹌鹑染色体核型进行研究。结果显示:鸡和鹌鹑染色体数目均为2n=78,但染色体形态存在差异,主要表现在No.1、No.4、No.6、No.8和W染色体上。No.1染色体,鸡为m型,鹌鹑为sm型;No.4染色体鸡为sm型,鹌鹑为st型;No.6、No.8和W染色体,鸡分别为sm、m、m型,鹌鹑全为t型。     

Proteome analysis of cashmere

As an analysis of the cashmere proteins by Type IV 2‐DE, ten kinds of components, including three components with molecular mass 42–50 kDa whose expression level increased in the winter, were separated. In analyzing nine components of these ten using a mass spectrometer, the three components of molecular mass 70–120 kDa and pI 5.3 were identified as keratin type II microfibrillar (accession no. KRSHL2 ), keratin 48 k type I microfibrillar component 8c‐1 (accession no. KRSHL1 ) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (accession no. O77793 ), respectively. The three components whose expression level increased in the winter, were identified as keratin type I microfibrillar 48 kDa component 8C‐1 (accession no. P02534 ) and keratin type I microfibrillar 47.6 kDa (accession no. P25690 ) (pI 5.2/42 kDa), keratin type II microfibrillar component 7C (accession no. P15241 ) and keratin typeII‐sheep (accession no. S34165 ) (pI 5.5/45 kDa), and the keratin type II microfibrillar component 5 (accession no. P25691 ) (pI 5.8–6.0/45 kDa), respectively. The three components of less than 17 kDa were identified as hair keratin type II intermediate filament (accession no. CAA51836 ) (pI 5.2) and keratin high‐sulfur matrix protein IIIB2 (accession no. P02447 ) with a different isoelectric point (pI 5.4 and 5.9), respectively.     

Tissue localization of DDT and two PCB isomers (octa- and tetrachlorobiphenyl) in laying quails.

Whole-body autoradiography of DDT-¹⁴G, 2,2′,4,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl-¹⁴G and 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,6′-octachlorobiphenyl-¹⁴C in laying quails indicated a strong deposition of radioactivity in the yolk of the growing follicles and the egg, confirming this to be a significant excretion route of lipophilic environmental pollutants in laying birds. A specific uptake of DDT and octachlorobiphenyl, but not of tetrachloro-biphenyl, was observed in the cortical cords of the adrenals. The octachlorobiphenyl was concentrated also in the ovarian stroma. Both DDT and the tetrachlorobiphenyl were excreted in the bile juice to the small intestine. No such excretion of octachlorobiphenyl was observed, indicating its rate of metabolization to be low. All compounds were accumulated and stored in the body fat. A previously described specific accumulation of 2,2′,4,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl in the respiratory tract of mice was not observed in the quail.     

韩国书院研究动向综述

从明代永乐年间开始,中国书院东传到朝鲜,形成了几乎与李朝相始终的朝鲜书院制度,450余年间,创建书院903所,其数甚大,遍布半岛。如同在中国本土一样,它与学术思想连为一体,造就了其立国的文化基础。由于文化土壤的不同,朝鲜书院形成了自己的特色。本文分时代、书院的机能与作用、书院的经济基础三大部分,比较全面地介绍了韩国学者研究朝鲜书院的动态,涉及主要论著与观点,可资借鉴。     

东北红松天然林种源在辽宁的生长表现

对来自吉林、黑龙江的１２个地点的红松天然林种源在辽宁草河口的生长表现进行了调查分析，并对３年生苗高和造林后７年生树高及造林保存率进行了对比分析。结果表明，来自南亚区的生长表现较好，中亚区较差，草河口的人工林种源明显优于其它各地点的天然林种源。     

红松红斑病的初步研究

１９９７～１９９８年，对红松红斑病进行了调查，结果表明：黑龙江省带岭林业局及东北林业大学凉水实验林场的苗圃、人工林及天然幼林红松红斑病的发病率为７０％～９２％；感病指数为２３．２５～２６．７５。该病有蔓延及加重的趋势。引起红松红斑病的病原菌在人工培养基上生长很慢，培养２５ｄ产生红色素。该菌生长最适温２０～２５℃；生长初期无光下生长较好；最佳碳源为麦芽糖，最佳氮源为天门冬素；最适ｐＨ为５．９。     

Status of freshwater fish around the Korean Demilitarized Zone and its implications for conservation

• 1. The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which divides the Korean peninsula, currently serves as a sanctuary for diverse biological resources, owing to limited development and human activities. The fish fauna of the DMZ areas, including the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) and Military Facility Protection Area (MFPA), was investigated by quarterly sampling at 53 sites from August 2001 to May 2004.
• 2. In total, 10 946 fish were collected and classified into 99 species and 26 families. Zacco platypus (relative abundance, RA 18.6%) was the dominant species, while other key species were Rhynchocypris steindachneri (16.0%), Pungitius sinensis (12.5%) and Zacco temmincki (8.5%).
• 3. Thirty species were found to be Korean endemics, representing seven families. Eight Korean vulnerable species and two Korean natural monument species were recorded. Three exotic fish species (Carassius cuvieri, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus) were collected at 13 study sites, all but one of which are outside the CCZ. There were significant relationships between altitude and fish species richness (r²=0.448, P<0.001) and the number of endemic fish species (r²=0.487, P<0.001).
• 4. Owing to very limited human interference, the DMZ could provide good benchmark sites to enable ecological restoration on other rivers and streams for maintenance of natural freshwater fish biodiversity. It is suggested that a natural park is instituted around the DMZ areas for ecological protection and as a symbol of peaceful coexistence between South and North Korea.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鹌鹑源火鸡隐孢子虫生物学特性研究

利用鹌鹑源火鸡隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium meleagridis）分别感染雏鸡、雏鸭、雏鸵鸟和小白鼠研究其致病性.结果能成功感染雏鸡、雏鸭和小白鼠,但不能感染雏鸵鸟.2个感染组雏鸡主要在感染后第3天引起雏鸡强烈的腹泻症状,但非免疫抑制组比免疫抑制组症状稍轻,此外,免疫抑制组的鸡出现了多个排卵囊高峰;感染相同剂量的2个试验组雏鸭的排卵囊显露期均较雏鸡短,非免疫抑制组雏鸭的排卵囊规律呈一过性,2组雏鸭均未出现明显的临床症状;免疫抑制组小白鼠出现多个排卵囊高峰,显露期持续24 d,正常组小白鼠的排卵囊规律呈一过性.根据肠黏膜涂片,抗酸染色观察发现主要虫体寄生于雏鸭的回肠;通过病理组织学切片和电镜观察发现虫体主要寄生于雏鸡的回肠和小白鼠的十二指肠,但均主要引起肠绒毛的大量脱落,黏膜上皮细胞肿胀,炎性细胞浸润.试验证明鸭为鹌鹑源C.meleagridis的新宿主,但敏感性较低;鹌鹑源C.meleagridis不感染非洲雏鸵鸟.发现鹌鹑源C.meleagridis在鹌鹑、鸡和鸭体内寄生部位与小鼠体内寄生部位有明显差异.     

天然林冠下红松被压木极限生长形态学指标的研究

通过研究１００株原始红松林内树高小于１４ｍ的红松解析木，分析了林下红松生长类型，林下红松生长与上层结构因子的关系，林下红松的形态特征及生理特性，结果表明，林下红松生长可划分为恒定型、下降型和上升型。被自然淘汰的林下红松皆属于恒定型和下降型。林下红松的生长受上层林冠结构因子的制约，没有合适的结构条件，林下红松很难存活。研究得出了天然林冠下红松被压木能够上升到上层林冠所需胸径、树高、树冠面积、边材宽、冠长／树高等形态学指标的最低极限值。