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51.
Use of poor-quality groundwater has become inevitable for irrigation to compensate rapidly increasing water demands in many arid and semiarid regions. Salinity and sodicity are the principal soil and water quality concerns in such areas. Many saline–sodic and sodic soils have saline or saline–sodic subsurface drainage waters. Amelioration of these soils needs a source of calcium (Ca2+) that can replace the excess exchangeable sodium (Na+). Most of these soils, however, contain calcite (CaCO3) of extremely low solubility. The native calcite does not supply adequate levels of Ca2+ for soil amelioration as do other chemical amendments. Phytoremediation may help ameliorate such soils through cultivation of certain crops tolerant to ambient soil salinity and sodicity. This amelioration strategy works through plant root action to help dissolve CaCO3 to supply adequate Ca2+ without the application of an amendment. During a 3-year field experiment conducted under irrigated conditions, we evaluated phytoremediation against soil application of gypsum and farm manure, and water treatment with sulphuric acid on a calcareous saline–sodic soil (pHs=8.0–8.4, ECe=24–32 dS m−1, SAR=57–78, CaCO3=45–50 g kg−1 for the top 0.15 m depth; Calcic Haplosalids). A saline–sodic water (EC=2.9–3.4 dS m−1, SAR=12.0–19.4, RSC=4.6–10.0 mmolc l−1, SARadj=15.6–18.4) was used to irrigate the rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops grown in rotation. Active desalinisation and desodication processes were observed in all the treatments. After the final wheat crop, the 1.2 m soil profile ECe was 7±0.5 dS m−1 and SAR was 15±2 with non-significant treatment differences, indicating comparable soil amelioration effect of phytoremediation with other treatments. Better crop yields were obtained from the manure-treated plots, owing to its annual addition to the soil that possibly improved soil fertility. Phytoremediation needed minimum capital input because no initial investment was made to purchase the amendments. 相似文献
52.
The impact of increasing farm size and mechanization on rural income and rice production in Zhejiang province,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. Marrit Van den Berg Huib Hengsdijk Joost Wolf Martin K. Van Ittersum Wang Guanghuo Reimund P. Roetter 《Agricultural Systems》2007
Economic growth in China’s agricultural sector lags behind growth in industry and services, creating an ever widening rural–urban income gap. Development of the non-agricultural sectors offers new opportunities for farmers in China’s more advanced provinces such as Zhejiang. Increased income in the urban sector creates markets for new products, and migrating farmers rent their land to those staying. Until now, the prevailing rice-based systems have been managed mainly using manual labour and animal traction, but the larger farms resulting from migration may facilitate, or even require mechanization. In this study, we use a simulation model of the farm household to analyse the effects of increasing farm size and the transition from rice to vegetable production, while also studying the effects of mechanization. 相似文献
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近年来因农用运输车所造成的交通事故不断发生,且逐年呈现上升势头,本文从驾驶员的因素、车辆自身因素以及驾驶环境条件、职能部门的监管等方面对农用运输车交通事故的原因作了分析,提出了一些预防事故发生的措施。 相似文献
55.
将数据库,模拟及线性规划结合在一起,建立了一个同时选择农作物,作业方式及机器设备的软件系统。此系统可求得农场资源的最佳配置,并有较好的可移植性,同时在很大程度上克服了线性规划的非整数解与机器,劳力整数要求的矛盾以及模拟技术在优化系统方面的局限。 相似文献
56.
随着农业生物工程技术在农业生产中的应用,从90年代到下一个世纪农业将会发生一次新的“绿色革命”。本文简述了随着农业生物工程技术的发展和应用,将可能对农业机械的研究与开发以及农业机械化的发展产生的影响。 相似文献
57.
对林业上市公司林木资产会计信息的披露现状进行了分析,指出会计信息披露中存在明晰性不强、缺乏风险应对战略、披露过于随意等.在此基础上,对会计信息披露现存问题进行了研究,研究表明,缺乏专业人才、林木资产的特殊性、相关法规的缺失等是主要因素.最后提出了健全林业上市公司林木资产会计信息披露的相关对策,即加强政府监督、完善企业内控、推进专业人员培训等. 相似文献
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百花山森林资源年产出价值为19 697.29万元,其中活立木价值年增长价值为3 080.65万元,占年总产出价值的15.64%,而间接使用价值,即生态价值为14 951.04万元,占年总产出的75.90%。说明百花山森林具有极高的生态效益价值,保存森林的价值,决不仅仅是木材价值的保护,更重要的应该是森林的生态效益的价值以及非消费性价值的保护。只有在生态价值不受损害的条件下,利用其他价值才是最合理的。 相似文献
60.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):446-459
The mean tree height of 73 forest stands in a 1000 ha forest area was determined from canopy heights generated by automatic image matching using a digital photogrammetric workstation and digitized panchromatic aerial photographs with a scale of 1:15 000. First, the mean height of each stand was computed as the arithmetic mean of the quantile corresponding to the 75th percentile of the distribution of the canopy heights from the image matching within square grid cells with cell sizes of 236-400 m2. The mean heights from the image matching underestimated the true heights by 5.42 m. Secondly, field-measured mean tree heights of 165 georeferenced sample plots distributed systematically throughout the 1000 ha forest area were regressed against the mean heights derived from the image matching. The regression equations were used to predict the mean heights of the 73 stands. In very young forest stands, the predicted mean heights overestimated the true heights by 0.4 m and the precision was 0.9-1.0 m. In young and mature stands, the average difference between predicted height and ground-truth ranged between -1.6 and 0.5 m, and the precision ranged from 1.1 to 2.1 m. 相似文献