关于我国渔（农）业劳动力转移的文献综述

渔业劳动力作为农业劳动力的重要组成部分，其转移的研究必然要以农业劳动力转移的研究为基础。文章回顾了我国渔业、农业剩余劳动力转移的研究，包括农业剩余劳动力的数量、劳动力转移的影响因素、解决劳动力转移的对策以及转移所带来的影响等。在此基础上归纳出两种类型的劳动力转移的特点；指出了现有研究存在的问题和今后进一步研究的方向。     

日本樱花褐斑穿孔病的发生和防治

日本樱花褐斑穿孔病主要危害樱花叶片，致使叶片大量提早脱落，严重影响树势。发病期在4～9月，7、8月发病率增加，9月病叶大量脱落。65％代森锌、75％百菌清（科能）、75％百菌清（达科宁）、50％多菌灵4种农药防治樱花褐斑穿孔病，4月底开始喷药，10d左右1次，共喷4次，防治效果分别达95．1％、91．0％、86．3％、76．1％，可以在生产中推广应用。     

Performance of using opposing homozygotes for paternity testing in Japanese Black cattle

Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in Japanese Black cattle enable genomic prediction and verifying parent–offspring relationships. We assessed the performance of opposing homozygotes (OH) for paternity testing in Japanese Black cattle, using SNP genotype information of 50 sires and 3,420 fattened animals, 1,945 of which were fathered by the 50 genotyped sires. The number of OH was counted for each sire–progeny pair in 28,764 SNPs with minor allele frequencies of ≥0.05 in this population. Across all pairs of animals, the number of OH tended to increase as the pedigree-based coefficient of relationship decreased. With a threshold of 288 (1% of SNPs) for paternity testing, most sire–progeny pairs were detected as true relationships. The frequency of Mendelian inconsistencies was 2.4%, reflecting the high accuracy of pedigree information in Japanese Black cattle population. The results indicate the utility of OH for paternity testing in Japanese Black cattle.     

广西八角良种研究综述

八角主产广西,是南亚热带重要的香料树种。广西的八角良种研究始于20世纪80年代初,经过全区品种资源普查,划定了17个农家品种,确定4个类型为优良类型,然后继续优良个体的选择,突破了无性繁殖技术的关键,初步选出了优良单株,并有3个无性系通过区级良种认定。     

日本落叶松人工林生长预测的全林分模型研究

以长岭岗林场日本落叶松人工林中的固定样地以及临时样地调查数据为基础，从模型间的相容性出发，建立了包含立地指数SI、林分密度SDI、林分断面积生长模型、树高曲线动态模型和林分收获模型的全林分模型系统，着重探讨了用Korf方程构造林分断面积生长模型时有关参数与SI和SDI的关系。     

Allometric model of the Reineke equation for Japanese cypress (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis obtusa</Emphasis>) and red pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus densiflora</Emphasis>) stands

An allometric model that explains the mechanism of the difference in the slope of the Reineke equation (A) among species was proposed based on the allometric relationships of mean tree height (H) to quadratic mean diameter D (H ∝ D ^θ ) and stand density N (H ∝ N ^δ ), i.e., A = θ/δ. The proposed model was fitted to Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) and red pine (Pinus densiflora) stands. The allometric exponents θ and δ were, respectively, 0.8995 and −0.5000 for cypress and 0.8612 and −0.6619 for pine. The difference between cypress and pine was significant for δ but not for θ. Inserting the exponents into the model resulted in predicted slopes of −1.7991 for cypress and −1.3011 for pine. The difference in the slope of the Reineke equation between the two species was produced by characteristics related to the tree crown, rather than characteristics related to stem slenderness. The proposed model enables us to estimate the slope of the Reineke equation from commonly measured stand attributes, such as mean tree height and quadratic mean diameter. Therefore, the proposed model is expected to be practical and convenient for estimating the slope of the Reineke equation and for explaining the mechanism of its variation among species. The model should be also accepted as a generalized model of the stand density versus quadratic mean diameter relationship, whereas the original Reineke equation should be seen as a specific case of this model.     

Criterion for estimating humidity control capacity of materials in a room

As a measure of estimating humidity control capacity of materials in an airtight room under sinusoidal temperature variation, we used the Cb value, which is the ratio of the range of variation in relative humidity in a steel box lined with the material of interest to the range in an empty steel box. In order to clarify the factors that affect the Cb value, we focused on both the temperature variation rate and the area that is lined in the box. It was found that changing the rate of temperature variation over one period strongly affected the Cb value, although the amplitude of temperature variation did not. We further noticed that the difference between the time when peak temperature was reached and the time when peak absolute humidity was reached (peak time difference), was found to be useful for estimating the humidity control capacity of materials. Knowing the difference between the phase when peak temperature was reached and the phase when peak absolute humidity was reached (phase angle difference) was also useful. Because the Cb value was affected by both the variation period and the lined area in the box, we can draw a contour diagram of the period and the lined area for materials to give an overview of the humidity control capacity of a material. The materials of primary interest in this study were Japanese cedar and porous ceramics.     

橙皮甙生理效应研究进展

橙皮甙是柑橘果皮中的主要功能活性成分,具有治疗心脑血管疾病、协同抗肿瘤、抗菌消炎、抗氧化、防止紫外辐射等多种生理功效和药理作用,引起了国内外的广泛关注。本文中综述了橙皮甙近年来在保健功效和应用方面的研究现状,包括橙皮甙的结构与理化性质,橙皮甙的抗菌消炎作用、对心血管系统的作用、对抗氧化的作用等生理效应。并对其在保健食品、医药、化妆品等方面的应用前景作了展望。     

Assessing raindrop impact energy at the forest floor in a mature Japanese cypress plantation using continuous raindrop-sizing instruments

The raindrop size distribution of throughfall and open rainfall was monitored continuously during a rainfall event using laser raindrop-sizing instruments (LD gauges), in order to calculate the raindrop impact energy in a plantation of mature Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), where surface erosion at the forest floor had been a problem. Data from two rainfall events were analyzed. The LD gauges recorded qualitative raindrop size distribution, and the capture rate during each rainfall event was used to manipulate raindrop data quantitatively. Throughfall and open rainfall comparisons revealed several important differences. First, throughfall raindrops were fewer in number and larger in size than open rainfall drops. In one rainfall event, for example, throughfall raindrops were less than one-fifth as frequent as open rainfall raindrops; in addition, the maximum throughfall raindrop diameter was 6.35mm compared to 3.31mm for open rainfall raindrops. Second, throughfall raindrops that were larger than the largest open rainfall raindrops comprised 63.8% of the throughfall precipitation by volume. Third, total raindrop impact energy from throughfall was over twice that of open rainfall. Moreover, comparison of throughfall events implied that throughfall raindrops did not always have a uniform distribution between different events or among different periods of time in one rainfall event, in contrast to findings in previous studies which showed that throughfall raindrops had a uniform size distribution independent of rainfall intensity. It is possible that an abrupt transition of throughfall intensity from low to high changes the distribution of throughfall raindrops.     

Sorption of Cr(VI) on the wood of Japanese larch treated with concentrated sulfuric acid

A carbonaceous sorbent was prepared from the wood of Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) by dehydration with concentrated sulfuric acid in a 69% yield. The abilities of the sorbent to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions were investigated. Research parameters included the initial solution pH, temperature, and initial concentration of Cr(VI) in solution. The removal of Cr(VI) was highly solution pH dependent and was mainly governed by physicochemical sorption under weak acidic conditions. The equilibrium data fit well in the Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir constants were calculated at different temperatures, and the sorption capacity increased with rising temperature, indicating the endothermic nature of the Cr(VI) sorption onto the sorbent. The desorption experiments suggest that the Cr(VI) sorption is generally irreversible, owing to strong interaction of HCrO ₄ ⁻ with the active sites of the sorbent.