Enhanced Stem Nematode Resistance of Transgenic Sweetpotato Plants Expressing Oryzacystatin-I Gene

Enhanced stem nematode resistance of transgenic sweetpotato (cv. Lizixiang) was achieved using Oryzacyslatin-I (OCI)gene with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. A. Tumefaciens strain EHA 105 harbors a binary vector pCAMBIA1301 with OCI gene, gusA gene and hptⅡ gene. Selection culture was conducted using 25 mg L-1 hygromycin. A total of 1715 plants were produced from the inoculated 1 450 cell aggregates of Lizixiang via somatic embryogenesis. GUS assay and PCR analysis of the putative transgenic plants randomly sampled showed that 90.54% of them were transgenic plants. Transgenic plants exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to stem nematodes compared to the untransformed control plants by the field evaluation with stem nematodes. Stable integration of the OCI gene into the genome of resistant transgenic plants was confirmed by Southern blot analysis, and the copy number of integrated OCI gene ranged from 1 to 4. Transgene overexpression in stem nematode-resistant plants was demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. This study provides a way for improving stem nematode resistance in sweetpotato.     

根癌农杆菌介导的抗除草剂转基因甘薯植株的获得

以甘薯品种栗子香的胚性悬浮细胞为受体材料, 用根癌农杆菌介导法,获得了表达bar基因的抗除草剂转基因甘薯植株。农杆菌菌株LBA4404携带含有bar基因的双元载体pCAMBIA3300。共计450个胚性细胞团用于遗传转化。在添加2 mg/L 2,4－D、100 mg/L Carb和0.5 mg/L PPT 的固体MS培养基上选择培养8周后,得到了19个PPT抗性愈伤组织。将这19个抗性愈伤组织转移到添加1 mg/L ABA、100 mg/L Carb和0.5 mg/L PPT 的固体MS 培养基上,其中的10个抗性愈伤组织共再生出103株拟转基因植株。PCR分析表明,其中的69株为转基因植株。Southern blot分析表明,bar基因稳定整合到转基因植株的基因组中。除草剂喷洒试验结果表明,转基因植株具有高度除草剂抗性。     

Analysis of genetic diversity in a sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) germplasm collection from Tanzania as revealed by AFLP

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is the fifth most important crop in the developing countries after rice, wheat, maize and cassava. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was used to study the genetic diversity and relationships of sweet potato accessions in the germplasm collection of Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro and Sugarcane Research Institute, Kibaha, Tanzania. AFLP analysis of 97 sweet potato accessions using ten primer combinations gave a total of 202 clear polymorphic bands. Each one of the 97 sweet potato accessions could be distinguished based on these primer combinations. Estimates of genetic similarities were obtained by the Dice coefficient, and a final dendrogram was constructed with the un-weight pair-group method using arithmetic average. AFLP-based genetic similarity varied from 0.388 to 0.941, with a mean of 0.709. Cluster analysis using genetic similarity divided the accessions into two main groups suggesting that there are genetic relationships among the accessions. Principal Coordinate analysis confirmed the pattern of the cluster analysis. Analysis of molecular variance revealed greater variation within regions (96.19%) than among regions (3.81%). The results from the AFLP analysis revealed a relatively low genetic diversity among the germplasm accessions and the genetic distances between regions were low. A maximally diverse subset of 13 accessions capturing 97% of the molecular markers diversity was identified. We were able to detect duplicates accessions in the germplasm collection using the highly polymorphic markers obtained by AFLP, which were found to be an efficient tool to characterize the genetic diversity and relationships of sweet potato accessions in the germplasm collection in Tanzania.     

根系分泌物对蕹菜 Cd 吸收积累的影响

【目的】研究根系分泌物对蕹菜 Cd 吸收积累的影响。【方法】采用水培 - 土培联合的方法,通 过水培种植蕹菜（Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.）典型低 Cd 积累品种 (QLQ) 和高 Cd 积累品种 (T308) 收集根系分泌物, 将 QLQ 根系分泌物施入种植 T308 的土壤中,将 T308 根系分泌物施入种植 QLQ 的土壤中。【结果】蕹菜两个 品种的生长差异不显著;QLQ 茎叶 Cd 质量浓度显著低于 T308。施加典型品种的根系分泌物,总体上不影响两 个蕹菜品种的生长。根系分泌物的施入总体上提高了供试蕹菜品种的茎叶、根 Cd 质量浓度和 Cd 积累量,表现 为促进植株对 Cd 的积累,原因主要在于根系分泌物提高了植株对土壤 Cd 的吸收能力。不同 Cd 质量浓度处理收 集的蕹菜根系分泌物对植株 Cd 积累的影响存在差异。低 Cd 品种 QLQ 的根系分泌物显著降低了高 Cd 品种 T308 的 Cd 转运系数,0 mg/L Cd 条件下的转运系数降低 30.23%;而 T308 根系分泌物对 QLQ 的 Cd 转运系数并未产生 显著影响。【结论】根系分泌物的施加促进植株对 Cd 的积累;低 Cd 品种 QLQ 表现出极强的低 Cd 转运能力。     

土壤Cd污染对青菜和蕹菜生长及Cd含量的影响

通过温室盆栽试验,研究了草甸棕壤、红壤和灰色石灰土的人为Cd污染对青菜和蕹菜生物量和Cd含量的影响。结果表明,红壤加入Cd浓度为0.5、1.0、3.0、5.0mg·kg-1时,青菜地上部分的生物量与对照相比分别降低了13%、15%、25%和91%;蕹菜地上部分的生物量在添加Cd浓度为0.5、1.0、3.0mg·kg-1时与对照相比分别增加了21%、64%和81%,而添加浓度为5.0和10.0mg·kg-1时则分别降低了63%和86%;生长于草甸棕壤和灰色石灰土中的蕹菜地上部分的生物量随土壤Cd浓度的增加无显著差异。在土壤添加Cd浓度相同的条件下,青菜和蕹菜地上部分的Cd含量在3种土壤中的顺序为:灰色石灰土<草甸棕壤<红壤。在试验条件下,以国家食品卫生标准为依据、以青菜为指示植物计算得到的3种土壤Cd的表观临界含量分别为:以总Cd计算:草甸棕壤为0.33mg·kg-1,红壤为0.066mg·kg-1,灰色石灰土为0.70mg·kg-1;以DTPA提取态Cd计算:草甸棕壤为0.13mg·kg-1,红壤为0.012mg·kg-1,灰色石灰土为0.33mg·kg-1。     

蕹菜对镉吸收积累及应用研究进展

综述了镉对蕹菜生长的影响,蕹菜对镉的吸收积累和相关机理,以及蕹菜在修复土壤镉污染和安全生产两方面的前景,为研究及应用蕹菜吸收积累镉提供理论参考。     

Quantification of phenolic acids and antioxidant activity in sweetpotato genotypes

Phenolic acid composition and antioxidant activity in roots of 14 commercially important sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated. Significant differences in total phenolics, individual phenolic acids, and antioxidant activity were found among the different sweetpotato genotypes. Total phenolic content, expressed in terms of chlorogenic acid equivalent, in different genotypes ranged from 1.4 to 4.7 mg g⁻¹ dry weight (DW). Antioxidant activity was evaluated as Trolox equivalent, ranging from 1.3 to 4.6 mg g⁻¹ DW. The highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were observed in a purple-fleshed genotype. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were the predominant phenolic acids, while caffeic acid was the least abundant in most genotypes. The highest content of chlorogenic acid (422.4 μg g⁻¹ DW) was present in a white-fleshed cultivar ‘Quarter Million’ imported from Jamaica. However, a purple-fleshed genotype had the highest amounts of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic (485.6 μg g⁻¹ DW), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic (125.6 μg g⁻¹ DW), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic (284.4 μg g⁻¹ DW), and caffeic (20.5 μg g⁻¹ DW) acids.     

不同氮素形态配比对菜用甘薯产量和品质的影响

菜用甘薯存在产量低、品质差以及在种植过程中由于不合理施肥造成生态环境恶化等问题,因此,针对以上问题开展本研究。氮肥作为农业肥料投入的主要部分,是影响菜用甘薯产量和品质的重要因素,通过设置不同氮素形态配比处理,根据菜用甘薯茎尖产量和品质相关指标的变化,揭示菜用甘薯产量和品质对氮素形态配比的响应机制,为提升菜用甘薯产量和品质的同时减轻因不合理施肥造成环境污染提供理论依据。本研究为大田试验,供试品种为生产上主栽的2个菜用甘薯品种‘福薯18’（F18）和‘鄂薯10号’（E10）,采用两因素裂区试验设计,设5个氮素形态配比处理为：（1）NH₄⁺-N∶NO₃^--N∶CONH₂-N =1∶1∶1 (N₁);（2）NH₄⁺-N∶NO₃^--N∶CONH₂-N = 1∶0∶2 (N₂);（3）NH₄⁺-N∶NO₃^--N∶CONH₂-N = 2∶0∶1 (N₃);（4）NH₄⁺-N∶NO₃^--N∶CONH₂-N = 1∶2∶0 (N₄);（5）NH₄⁺-N∶NO₃^--N∶CONH₂-N = 2∶1∶0 (N₅)。研究结果表明,N₄和N₅处理均可显著提高菜用甘薯的茎尖产量、总酚含量、总黄酮含量、可溶性糖含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)酶活性和IbPAL基因表达量;同一时期不同处理间差异显著,随着生育期的不断推进,各项指标的变化呈先升后降的趋势,其中以N₄处理效果更为显著,除可溶性糖含量在N₃处理下最低外,其他各项指标均在N₂处理下最低,由相关性分析证实,总酚、总黄酮和可溶性含量及PAL酶活性与IbPAL基因表达量呈显著正相关,而可溶性糖含量与基因表达量呈负相关,表明可溶性糖含量的变化与IbPAL基因表达无相关性;由氮素形态配比处理可知,相对于N₂和N₃处理,N₄和N₅处理为植株提供了更多的NO₃^--N,由此推断NO₃^--N在菜用甘薯生长发育过程中起到更为重要的促进作用,而CONH₂-N在本研究中对甘薯产量和品质的促进作用并不突出。而N₄处理即NH₄⁺-N∶NO₃^--N∶CONH₂-N = 1∶2∶0的配肥方案是促进菜用甘薯产量和品质提升的最佳配施组合。本研究结果可为合理配肥以获得理想的作物产量和品质提供理论依据,为在其他作物上开展相关研究提供参考。     

水培蔬菜净化凡纳滨对虾养殖塘水质效果研究

采用3种浮植方式水培水蕹菜、羽衣甘蓝、生菜,进行蔬菜种类、浮植方式筛选,并以最佳品种与浮植方式浮植规模化养虾塘,进行水生菜生长状况与净化虾塘水质效果试验.结果表明,水蕹菜为生长良好、可有效净化养虾水质的蔬菜品种,以绳结式浮植方式培植水蕹菜可获得最佳的生长效果;据此将水蕹菜以绳结式浮植于规模化养虾塘.对虾生态养殖试验探讨了水蕹菜对虾塘水质的净化效果及对虾生长状况的影响,结果表明,种植水蕹菜虾塘和对照塘中对虾输出的TN、TP分别为36.21％、21.01％和32.03％、17.98％.种植塘收获水蕹菜重量为初始种植重量的32.5倍,具有一定经济价值,特别是能有效去除塘水中TN、TP,去除率分别为5.86％和3.73％.试验期间,种植塘的TAN、TN、TP、PO43--p及CODMn含量均低于对照塘.种植塘对虾终末体长、体重、饵料系数均优于对照塘,对虾产量(4768.75±111.69 kg/hm2)也高于对照塘(4 120.46±90.00 kg/hm2).这种生态养殖模式不仅可有效净化水质,减少养殖废水对环境的污染,还能提高对虾养殖的经济效益.