Differences in the behavior of the crossbred steers of different sire lines of Japanese Black cattle

We determined differences in the behavior of the progeny of two major sire lines of Japanese Black cattle by recording the behavior of 35 and 70 half-sib steers of sires from fast (FG) and slow (SG) growing lines, respectively. Two sire lines of steers were mixed and allocated to nine pens with 11–12 animals per pen. The proportion of steers lying was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the SG line (43.4 ± 5.7% compared to 40.3 ± 6.0%). The proportion of time spent eating concentrate feed (FG: 12.1 ± 2.3%; SG: 11.4 ± 2.1%), drinking (FG: 0.8 ± 1.1%; SG: 0.4 ± 0.6%), licking the feed trough (FG: 0.4 ± 0.6%; SG: 0.2 ± 0.4%) and performing tongue-playing (FG: 3.1 ± 4.6%; SG: 1.0 ± 1.9%) was significantly higher in FG, whereas the proportion of time spent resting (FG: 41.5 ± 12.8%; SG: 43.7 ± 10.9%) and performing self-licking (FG: 1.7 ± 1.4%; SG: 2.1 ± 1.3%) was higher in SG (all P < 0.05). These results show progeny of the FG sire engaged in more active behaviors compared to the progeny of the SG sire line.     

冀豆12遗传背景导入系蛋白、脂肪含量分布特征

以高蛋白品种冀豆12为受体亲本,不同来源、不同蛋白脂肪含量的大豆种质资源为供体亲本,构建了28个组合BC2F1后代群体,分析冀豆12遗传背景导入系后代蛋白、脂肪含量分布特征。结果表明,28个后代群体均有蛋白含量超高亲个体,超高亲个体比例介于4.0%～68.2%之间,超高亲比例≥40%的组合有18个,占64.3%,BC2F1后代群体蛋白含量以超高亲和偏高亲类型组合为主。而脂肪含量分布特征恰相反,BC2F1后代群体脂肪含量以超低亲和偏低亲类型组合为主,超高亲个体比例介于0～67.4%,超高亲个体比例≥40%的组合有7个,占25.0%,9个组合无超高亲后代。表明以冀豆12为遗传背景通过有限回交易选育高蛋白含量品种,而不易选育高脂肪含量品种。本研究结果为利用冀豆12培育高蛋白品种提供了依据。     

新转萝卜雄性不育系主要性状的配合力分析

采用不完全双列杂交法.对新转育成的5个雄性不育系和3个测验种的5个主要性状根质量、根长、株高、叶片质量、开展度的一般配合力和特殊配合力及遗传力进行了研究.结果表明,雄性不育系A1,A3和测验种S1的根质量、根长、株高、叶片质量、开展度5个农艺性状的一般配合力均较高,是杂交育种的理想亲本,而其他亲本则一般配合力较低;A1×S1,A1×S2,A2×S2,A3×S2,A5×S1和A5×S1等7个组合主要性状的特殊配合力效应值除了个别性状外均为正值,说明其用于杂种优势育种的可行性比较大.遗传力分析表明,除开展度外,其余主要性状均主要受基因加性效应影响,能真实遗传.     

Identification of QTLs related to sugar and organic acid composition in melon using near-isogenic lines

The soluble sugar and organic acid composition of melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit flesh has become a major focus of plant breeding worldwide in an attempt to improve taste. Thus, sugar and organic acid profiles were characterized using near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from the Spanish cultivar Piel de Sapo (PS) and the exotic Korean accession Shongwan Charmi (PI 161375). Fruits were cultivated in only one environment. These data were used to map 60 quantitative trait loci (QTLs): 18 for individual sugars, eight for sucrose equivalents, five for the glucose-to-fructose ratio, seven for the total sugar content and 21 for organic acids. Within the QTLs that were associated with the sugar profile, 27 defined the sugar content: eight for fructose, six for glucose, four for sucrose, and nine for sucrose equivalents. Although increased sweetness of selected NILs compared with the parental PS was achieved by an increased glucose or fructose content, only glucose heritability was above 0.5. A total of 21 QTLs (two with positive effects and nineteen with detrimental effects compared with the PS levels) controlled the organic acid profile: l-glutamic, ascorbic and succinic acids (the principal ones) and fumaric, citric, oxalacetic, and isocitric acids. The levels of sugars imparted by the PI 161375 introgression frequently decreased the score grades given to NILs by consumers. Within the 32 QTLs mapped for sensory traits, 27 were associated with lower scores in taste (nine QTLs), sweetness (eight QTLs) or global quality appreciation (nine QTLs); two with increased fruit sourness or sweetness and three with increased fruit bitterness. The QTLs defined herein may assist breeders to understand the overall organoleptic balance (sweetness, sourness, and umami taste) in melon fruit, particularly those located within linkage groups III, V, VI, and VIII to XI.     

STS标记在扬麦158×淮麦18F_4群体中的应用及其与PPO活性的关系

小麦籽粒中的多酚氧化酶活性是导致酶促褐变的主要因素.选育低多酚氧化酶活性的品种是改良面制食品外观品质的重要途径之一.本研究利用位于小麦2A和2D染色体上PPO基因分子标记PPO18和STS01,对扬麦158×淮麦18组合的300个F4代分离株系进行PCR扩增,说明不同带型与PPO活性的相关性.结果表明用PP018扩增的300个分离株系中有59个扩增出876 bp(2aaa型)的目标片段,其活性均值为82.01;46个同时扩增出685 bp和876 bp的目标片段(2Aab型)其活性均值为163.41;其余195个扩增出685 bp的目标片段(2Abb型)其活性均值为233.73.方差分析表明三者的PPO活性差异达到极显著水平,其中基因型为2Aaa型的PPO活性值明显低于2Abb型;PPO18在本试验群体中对PPO活性的决定系数为66.61%;用STS01扩增的300个株系中都扩增出了560bp的片段,群体间没有差异.文中说明了两对引物在该群体中的效应及其与PPO活性的关系.     

矮小鸡在高原地区生长速度研究

通过对矮小鸡配套系在高原地区的孵化和饲养试验,测定不同周龄的生长发育,并与在高原适应性较强的藏鸡进行比较.研究结果表明,矮小鸡配套系在高原地区的适应性比较强.     

国产人造板成套设备的现状及发展方向

本文分析了国产人造板生产线成套设备制造工业的现状及其在我国人造板产业发展中发挥的作用，指出了现有设备与国际先进水平的主要差距，并以苏福马公司为例，介绍了近几年来国产人造板成套设备制造企业在关键技术和设备改进方面所做出的尝试。     

植物近等基因系培育及在林木遗传改良上的应用探讨

近等基因系是分子遗传图谱构建、数量性状基因定位及分子标记辅助育种的重要基础。近等基因系选育主要有连续多次回交选育法、从突变体中分离获得、结合分子标记技术检测连续回交选育法、杂交高世代群体材料中分离选育等方法。本文介绍了主要农作物近等基因系构建及应用的研究进展,并结合林木植物的特点,提出了选择生长周期较短的木本植物柳树为材料,构建近等基因系,在此基础上形成林木遗传学研究模式树种的观点。     

托里桉组培快繁技术初步研究

以2 a托里桉超级苗不同株系的茎段为外植体进行组培快繁研究,结果表明：适合诱导的培养基为MS改良+6-BA 0.5mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1;适合6号株系增殖培养基为MS改良+6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1,适合7号、10号株系的增殖培养基为MS改良+6-BA 0.3 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1;适当缩短继代周期是解决桉苗顶稍枯萎、上部叶片脱落等症状简单、有效的方法;适合的生根培养基为1/2MS改良+ IBA 0.2 mg·L-1+ ABT 0.6 mg·L-1,生根苗移栽成活率可达90%。     

基于国土空间三线融合的城市周边耕地分区保护研究

城市周边耕地保护是国土空间规划的重要议题,对保障城市生态安全和粮食安全以及促进城市可持续发展具有重大意义。本研究通过协同量化耕地自然质量特征以及周边立地条件的关系,融合永久基本农田红线、生态红线、城镇开发边界三线划定要求,在土地评价与立地条件分析（LESA）理论基础上构建基于自然质量与立地条件特征的综合评价系统,建立鞍山市主城区周边耕地利用与保护分区,提出耕地保护分区管控措施。结果表明：鞍山市域主城区耕地可分为4类区域：永久基本农田区占80.70%,永久基本农田储备区占10.15%,城镇开发边界弹性用地区占3.98%,生态保育区占5.17%。评价结果综合反映城市主城区周边耕地质量的差异性及立地环境的稳定性,同时融合国土空间中三线划定的政策要求,对城市主城区周边耕地布局进行有效探索,划定了永久基本农田保护区,又在一定程度上满足了城镇开发边界弹性发展空间用地需求和生态红线管控要求。