确定含水层参数的混沌序列优化算

以泰斯公式为例，将混沌序列优化算法应用于求解分析抽水试验资料，确定含水层参数的函数优化问题．就混沌序列长度、粗搜索次数和待估导水系数初值取值范围等因素对算法收敛性的影响，进行了数值实验．结果表明：1）混沌序列优化算法可以有效地应用于求解含水层参数计算问题；2）粗搜索次数的多少和序列长度的大小对算法收敛性的影响不明显；3）待估导水系数的初始取值范围对算法的收敛速度有一定的影响，但不会影响最终计算结果．与其它方法相比较，混沌序列优化算法具有原理简单、易于编程和运算、计算结果精度不受人为因素影响和应用范围较宽等优点．     

改进型遗传算法在农网无功优化中的应用

根据农村电网的特点,建立了综合考虑全年网损、电压质量和补偿设备投资的无功优化规划数学模型.应用自适应遗传算法改进了传统遗传算法的遗传算子和终止判据等,提出了一种配电网无功优化的改进型遗传算法,其收敛速度和求解精度均有提高.算法实例表明,改进遗传算法的优化效果优于传统遗传算法.     

Adopters,testers or pseudo-adopters? Dynamics of the use of improved tree fallows by farmers in western Kenya

Although there has been increasing research on the adoption of agroforestry technologies over the last decade, few such studies have assessed uptake over a long period and many are based on a single snapshot in time. Furthermore, most of these studies have mainly looked at non-adopters and adopters: only recently have social scientists considered testers. A further category of users neglected in adoption studies has been re-adopters of technologies. Studying this group provides an interesting and more nuanced understanding of adoption and re-adoption. Methodologically, most adoption studies use quantitative methods and fail to link their findings to wider socio-economic, political and institutional settings. This paper presents a study of the dynamics of improved tree fallow use by farmers in Siaya and Vihiga districts of western Kenya over a period of eight years. It uses both qualitative and quantitative data to critically discuss the motivations of adopters, testers/rejecters and re-adopters. The results show that the process of adoption is highly dynamic and variable with farmers planting improved fallows and discontinuing or re-adopting them due to a whole range of factors, of which soil fertility improvement is just one. These factors included incentives from projects, the tying of adoption to credit programmes, prestige, participation in seminars/tours and the availability of a seed market from projects promoting improved fallows. Farmers planting improved fallows for such reasons may be termed ‘pseudo-adopters’. There were significant differences in adoption between the two districts, with more farmers in Siaya planting improved fallows than in Vihiga. A majority of farmers in Vihiga (53%) who were given seed never planted improved fallows, even though they had been exposed to the technology. Some 40% of farmers in Siaya and 38% in Vihiga planted improved fallows but later rejected them. This has some important implications for research and development. For improved fallow technologies to be attractive to farmers, they must provide other tangible economic benefits besides soil fertility improvement. This presents a challenge to researchers who must better attune themselves to the needs and demands of farmers if they wish to see their research findings widely adopted.     

井渠结合灌区水资源多目标优化配置模型与应用

将灌区的经济效益和生态环境效益结合在一起综合考虑，在灌区水资源配置时不仅只追求获得最大经济效益，同时尽量将地下水位控制在适宜范围内，以维持地下水资源的采补平衡，实现水资源的可持续利用。按此原则，建立了井渠结合灌区水资源多目标优化配置模型。实例计算表明：应用此模型指导井渠结合灌区的水资源配置可实现真正意义上的地表水和地下水联合运用，提高水资源利用效率。     

遗传算法在离心泵叶片优化设计中的应用

对遗传算法在流体机械优化设计中的应用现状作了较为全面的总结；提出了将遗传算法应用于离心泵叶片优化设计中，分析了遗传算法在离心泵优化设计中应用的可行性以及存在的问题；对离心泵优化设计的发展提出了一些新建议和尝试。     

60%吡福甲大豆超微粉体种衣剂的应用效果研究

通过对60%吡福甲大豆超微粉体种衣剂的试验,进一步验证了该种衣剂的防治效果。其对根腐病防效达74%,对孢囊线虫的防效达70%。与胶体种衣剂相比,减少农药使用量达53.4%,节约农药成本47%;与粉体种衣剂相比,减少农药使用量达37%,节约农药成本达49%。     

能量高效的农田无线传感器网络拓扑关联路由算法

针对农田无线传感器网络节点分布不均、能量约束严格等特点,提出了一种能量高效的簇头选择方法TBCS-EA,在以剩余能量进行簇头选择的基础上根据节点拓扑位置、拓扑密度等进行加权,使距离sink较近的节点与密集区节点大概率成为簇头,提高成簇能量使用效率。针对现有成簇算法频繁进行簇头选举,算法开销大等问题,提出了一种能量逼近式簇头轮换机制,节点连续担任簇头并以某一目标进行能量逼近,在达到逼近目标后进行根据簇内信息指定新簇头,减少簇头选择的次数与协议开销。仿真与实验结果表明,TBCS-EA算法的网络生命周期约为LEACH的2.2倍,CHCS的1.5倍,从节点能量曲线看能耗均衡效果与CHCS相当,明显优于LEACH。结果显示TBCS-EA综合性能较之于现有算法有明显提升。     

基于分解机制的多目标蝙蝠算法

在分析蝙蝠算法性能基础上,将蝙蝠算法融入分解机制,提出了一种基于分解机制的多目标蝙蝠算法。为了进一步提高算法的多样性,将差分进化策略引入算法中。对14个具有复杂Pareto前沿的多目标优化问题(LZ-09系列和ZDT系列)测试不同邻域规模对算法性能的影响,结果表明新算法的邻域规模为20时性能最优;将其与MOEA/D-DE和NSGA-II算法进行对比分析,结果显示该算法的分布性、收敛性和多样性均优于另外两种算法。为了验证其求解含有约束问题的性能,将其应用于滑动轴承多目标优化设计问题中,获得的Pareto前沿分布均匀,表明算法具有工程实用性,是求解复杂高维多目标问题的有效方法。     

活性生物颗粒有机肥生产技术与成型设备的研究

针对我国当前有机肥生产技术工艺现状与关键加工成型设备的局限性以及成型过程中出现的问题,研究开发活性生物颗粒有机肥生产新工艺与空心对辊式成型设备。论述了生物颗粒有机肥生产新工艺的特点及该成型设备的结构组成和工作原理。通过应用表明,该工艺和成型机具结构和参数设计合理,能满足生物颗粒有机肥生产的要求,该技术的研究和成型机具的研制有效地提高了我国生物颗粒有机肥成型的品质和成型率。     

基于WEB农业物料特性信息管理系统的开发

以农业物料特性的公式、线图、数据表及相关信息为对象，利用ASP技术，采用B／S架构结构，建立基于WEB农业物料特性信息管理系统。系统的建立为农业物料信息提供了有效的网络知识库平台，实现了数据的共享，符合我国农业信息化的发展方向。