Nutritional evaluation of wheat and maize breads supplemented with a mixture of peanut-chickpea flour

Whole wheat and maize (corn) flours were supplemented with 10, 20 and 30% levels of a 1:1 mixture of peanut and chickpea flours (PCF). Supplementation increased the protein content of the wheat and maize blends by 20–61%. Significant increases in other proximate constituents as well as K, Ca, P, Fe, Zn and Cu levels and lysine were observed. The chemical score (FAO/WHO, 1973) of wheat flour increased from 53 to 72 and that of maize flour from 49 to 71 with 30% PCF. Biological evaluation of wheat breads (baking time = 7 min at 220°C) at 10% protein level and maize breads (baking time = 15 min at 250°C) at 8% protein level in the diet showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in the protein quality of PCF-supplemented breads as judged by gain in body weight, protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio, net protein utilization, biological value and utilizable protein (NPU% × protein% ÷ 100) content. A supplementation level of 20% was considered adequate to achieve the desired nutritive benefits.     

利用分子标记辅助选择培育转 Bt基因抗虫水稻

为培育转Bt基因抗虫水稻品种材料,以传统杂交的方法将3个Bt明恢63中的Bt基因cry1C*、cry2A*和cry1Ac/Ab,转育到水稻品种秀水123、湘晴、旱恢3号和沪旱1B中;以回交二代自交三代（BC2F3）水稻叶片为材料,利用分子标记辅助选择、田间除草剂筛选和试纸条检测方法,以获得新型转Bt基因株系。并在全生育期实行除不喷施农药外的正常田间管理的转基因植株的田间抗虫鉴定方法筛选出抗虫性良好、农艺性状优良的株系,为后续抗虫育种提供材料。 BC2 F3代PCR检测及试纸条检测的结果显示分别获得cry1C*和cry2A*基因的沪旱1B、秀水123和湘晴的纯合株系。同时,在田间自然诱发虫害条件下,转基因株系对稻纵卷叶螟虫表现出强抗性。     

Fish meal quality assessment for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) reared in sea water

Studies were conducted to investigate the quality of 16 fish meals for Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) reared in sea water, and to assess in vitro and in vivo methods for the measurement of the quality of the protein in fish meals. The commercial fish meals tested were Canadian-produced (herring, groundfish, and mixed meals) and were of West Coast and East Coast origin; they included silver hake (Russian origin), two mackerel meals (Chilean) and Norwegian fish meal (Norse-LT94®). In addition, five herring meals were produced in the laboratory to assess the influence of processing conditions and freshness of the raw material on fish meal quality. The dilute-pepsin digestibility was the preferred in vitro assay to evaluate the protein quality of herring meals for Atlantic salmon, but this assay correlated poorly with the results from in vivo assays when other types of fish meals (menhaden, mackerel, silver hake, groundfish) were included.     

Alternative Methods for the Detection of Emerging Marine Toxins: Biosensors,Biochemical Assays and Cell-Based Assays

The emergence of marine toxins in water and seafood may have a considerable impact on public health. Although the tendency in Europe is to consolidate, when possible, official reference methods based on instrumental analysis, the development of alternative or complementary methods providing functional or toxicological information may provide advantages in terms of risk identification, but also low cost, simplicity, ease of use and high-throughput analysis. This article gives an overview of the immunoassays, cell-based assays, receptor-binding assays and biosensors that have been developed for the screening and quantification of emerging marine toxins: palytoxins, ciguatoxins, cyclic imines and tetrodotoxins. Their advantages and limitations are discussed, as well as their possible integration in research and monitoring programs.     

Antimicrobial Action of Compounds from Marine Seaweed

Seaweed produces metabolites aiding in the protection against different environmental stresses. These compounds show antiviral, antiprotozoal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. Macroalgae can be cultured in high volumes and would represent an attractive source of potential compounds useful for unconventional drugs able to control new diseases or multiresistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. The substances isolated from green, brown and red algae showing potent antimicrobial activity belong to polysaccharides, fatty acids, phlorotannins, pigments, lectins, alkaloids, terpenoids and halogenated compounds. This review presents the major compounds found in macroalga showing antimicrobial activities and their most promising applications.     

120份小麦品种(系)重要性状功能基因的KASP检测

为了解120份小麦品种(系)重要性状功能基因的组成,本研究利用高通量的KASP标记技术对株高、抗叶锈病、抗条锈病、抗赤霉病、抗穗发芽和加工品质等性状相关的基因进行了检测。结果表明,供试材料的株高基因组成包含5种类型,分别是Rht-B1a/Rht-D1a (1份)、Rht-B1a/Rht-D1b (58份)、Rht-B1a+160/Rht-D1a (2份)、Rht-B1a+160/Rht-D1b (30份)和Rht-D1a/Rht-B1b (29份)。在抗病性方面,有69份材料含抗叶锈病基因Lr14a,3份材料含Lr68基因;抗叶锈病基因Lr21和Lr34、抗赤霉病基因Fhb1、抗条锈病基因Yr15在供试材料中均未发现。在抗穗发芽方面,68份材料为TaMFT-A1基因的Jagger-type抗穗发芽单倍型,21份材料为TaMoc-A1基因的Hap-H抗穗发芽单倍型,22份材料为TaSdr-D1基因的TaSdr-D1a抗穗发芽单倍型,84份材料为TaPHS1基因的Rio Blanco type抗穗发芽单倍型。在品质方面,83份材料为非1B/1R易位系,20份材料含高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基5+10,供试材料均不含Bx7OE。上述结果表明,对常规育种手段育成的高代品系进行KASP标记辅助选择可作为一种重要的分子育种策略,能显著地提高小麦育种效率。