多菌灵杀菌剂对青海弧菌和斑马鱼的急性毒性研究

[目的]研究农药对农田环境及非靶标有益生物的影响。[方法]选取青海弧菌Q67和斑马鱼作为受试生物,研究多菌灵杀菌剂对其的急性毒性,从而初步评价该杀菌剂农业生产应用中对水生生物的潜在风险。[结果]22%多菌灵杀菌剂对青海弧菌Q67的EC_(50)为7.70 mg/L,pEC_(50)为2.11;22%多菌灵杀菌剂对斑马鱼的24、48、72、96 h LC_(50)分别为8.53、8.39、8.07和7.64 mg/L;斑马鱼的安全浓度为0.76 mg/L。[结论]根据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》"鱼类急性毒性试验"对鱼类毒性评价标准,判断22%多菌灵杀菌剂对斑马鱼的毒性属中毒。     

3种农药树干注射法防治荔枝蝽象在荔枝树叶中的残留分布

[目的]探讨吡虫啉、杀虫双和敌百虫3种农药树干注射法防治荔枝蝽象的可行性。[方法]采用树干注射法进行施药,研究吡虫啉、杀虫双、敌百虫3种药剂防治荔枝蝽象在荔枝树叶中的残留分布。[结果]吡虫啉和敌百虫能快速分布到树干中,杀虫双则缓慢在树干中分布;农药持续时间长,敌百虫残留时间最长,9 d后残留量仍高达0.312 mg/kg,吡虫啉次之,9 d只有0.015 mg/kg,杀虫双最差。[结论]该法防治药效长,污染小,几乎不杀伤天敌,不受天气影响,可在生产中推广应用。     

Efficacy and effects on yield of different fungicides for control of wet bubble disease of mushroom caused by the mycoparasite Mycogone perniciosa

Carbendazim, iprodione, prochloraz-Mn, thiabendazole and thiophanate-methyl were tested in vitro and in vivo for their effect on Mycogone perniciosa, the mycoparasite that causes wet bubble disease of white button mushroom. In vitro experiments showed that prochloraz-Mn (ED₅₀ = 0.006–0.064 μg ml⁻¹) and carbendazim (ED₅₀ = 0.031–0.097 μg ml⁻¹) were the most effective fungicides for inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. perniciosa, while iprodione (ED₅₀ = 1.90–3.80 μg ml⁻¹) was the least effective. The resistance factors calculated for the five fungicides were between 1.4 and 2. The results obtained suggest that there is very little risk that M. perniciosa will develop resistance to the fungicides assayed. The in vivo efficacy of fungicides for control of wet bubble was studied in two mushroom cropping experiments, which were artificially infected with two doses of M. perniciosa, 10⁶ and 10⁷ spores m⁻², respectively. There was, in the low dose inoculum experiment, a very high degree of effectiveness (96.5–100.0%) with all the fungicides assayed. However, iprodione performed poorly (20.5–24.4%) compared with the other fungicides (88.7–100.0%) in the high concentration inoculum experiment. The most effective treatments for controlling wet bubble did not improve the biological efficiency of Agaricus bisporus.     

液相微萃取—高效液相色谱法测定桔子和蚯蚓中吡虫啉的残留降解

研究了基于三相中空纤维磁力搅拌的新型液相微萃取（LPME）模式,采用磷酸二氢钾作接受液,快速分离富集桔子和蚯蚓中吡虫啉农药残留的前处理技术,以高效液相色谱（HPLC）为检测手段。系统地优化了LPME技术的有机溶剂、搅拌速率和萃取时间等条件。最佳色谱条件为：SB-Phenyl C18（250mm×4.6mm,粒径：5μm）液相色谱柱,以甲醇∶水∶三乙胺=79∶20∶1（v/v）为流动相,流速0.6mL/min,270 nm波长下检测。得到方法的线性范围0.005～0.2μg/mL,最低检出限为5 ng/mL,加标回收率92.5%～105%,富集倍数19.2倍。建立了一种简单、快速、准确、环境友好的农药残留降解情况的检测方法。     

吡虫啉·戊唑醇种子处理悬浮剂对燕麦红叶病的田间防效

通过田间对比试验,测试了吡虫啉.戊唑醇种子处理悬浮剂对燕麦红叶病的防治效果,结果表明,采用(120 mL高巧+42 mL立克秀)/100 kg种子(商品量)拌种包衣,可显著提高皮燕麦的出苗率,促进幼苗生长,对皮燕麦、裸燕麦红叶病的防效分别达84.97%和47.87%,皮燕麦、裸燕麦的增产率分别达60.43%和48.96%。     

Effect of Different Bioassay Methods on Enzymatic Characteristics of Cotton Aphid,Aphis gossypfi Glover （Hemiptera：Aphididae）

In this study, the susceptibility of three populations of cotton aphid, Aph＆ gossypii Glover （Hemiptera：Aphididae） was assayed to imidacloprid （35SC） and thiametoxam （50WG）. The involvement of metabolic enzymes in the resistance strain of cotton aphid to the neonicotinoids was determined by the biochemical biomarkers and the resistance mechanism was determined as CaE. In another study, three different bioassay experiments were designed for detecting the susceptibility of cotton aphid to imidacloprid and thiametoxam and the effect of these two insecticides on the enzymatic activity of cotton aphid was assessed in the adult aphids treated with three different bioassay methods using a modified version of the FAO dip test, residue bioassay procedure and starvation method. Our findings suggested that the type of bioassay methods is very important when aphids＇ populations assess for the resistance against the neonicotinod insecticides. It has shown the starvation method is the most reliable method compared with other methods.     

枸杞中吡虫啉、阿维菌素农药残留量的测定

建立了高效液相色谱法分析枸杞中吡虫啉、阿维菌素残留量的方法。样品采用酸性乙腈溶液提取，以高效液相色谱法分离检测，面积外标法定量分析，吡虫啉标准曲线的线性关系系数为0．9997，阿维菌素为0．9995，线性范围为10．0～1000μg／L。枸杞中吡虫啉平均回收率92．0％～110％，最小检测浓度0．047μg／kg；阿维菌素平均回收率86．0％～98．0％，最小检测浓度0．33μg／kg。该分析方法具有良好的重现性，定量结果的相对标准偏差均小于10％，可满足检测分析要求。     

多效灵防治苹果树腐烂病试验

本试验对多效灵防治苹果树腐烂病进行研究．试验结果表明：多效灵５０倍液当年防效为１００％，次年防效为９０．１％；多效灵１００倍液当年防效为８３．５％，次年防效为７９．９％。均显著高于福美砷的防治效果。     

液相色谱法分析烟草中吡虫啉

建立了一种测定烟草中吡虫啉的简单、有效的高效液相色谱法,该方法以丙酮在超声波辅助下提取样品,保证了吡虫啉的提取效率;使用C18处理柱净化样品,有效地消除了干扰物的影响;采用梯度洗脱方式进行分离与测定,改善了色谱峰形。     

新型杀菌剂治萎灵的研制与应用

 以多菌灵为主体，以调整其油水分配系数为目的，添加水杨酸、冰醋酸等助剂复混而成的新型杀菌剂治萎灵，除了具有原多菌灵的广谱杀菌特性外，还具有速效、高效、长效和促进生长的特点。对棉花枯萎病菌的毒力是多菌灵的16.5倍，施药后10天即可见效，治疗效果为82.3%（对照多菌灵的治疗效果为56.2%），有效控制期可达60-80天。