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91.
以女儿寨小流域为研究对象,着重研究了植被恢复与重建过程中小流域系统的降雨和水沙变化特征,并对植被恢复过程中的总体减沙水平做了分析。结果表明:①受大气环流的影响,小流域年际降雨量差异较大;小流域降雨年内时间分布极为不均,集中性很大,主要集中在汛期(4-8月),但年内降雨量的月间分布趋势基本一致。②小流域迳流年际变化很大,迳流年内分配不均。迳流集中是该小流域迳流变化的一个显著特征:小流域的植被恢复与重建对洪峰的出现和洪峰流量具有明显的延缓和削减作用。③径流(Qi)主要来源于降水(Pi),二者呈明显的一元线型关系:Pi=115.7678+2.7386Qi。④小流域的年输沙模数与年迳流量的变化规律基本一致,小流域年内产沙也高度集中,且与降水、迳流关系密切,小流域的土壤侵蚀主要由汛期的强降水引起。⑤随着小流域大面积、高标准的生态环境建设,1990年至2004年间小流域的输沙模数呈锐减之势,植被恢复与重建起到了显著的减沙效应。 相似文献
92.
The study examines vegetation – environment relationships. Vegetation measurements included species frequency, density, diameter and tree height, while environmental measurements were soil particle size distribution, acid properties (pH, Al, SO4), nutrient cations (Ca, Na, Mg, K), organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and chloride content. Nypa fruticans was the dominant species in the A stratum (> 3 m tall) while Rhizophora mangle was dominant in the B stratum (1–3 m tall). The C stratum (< 1 m tall) was dominated by mangrove, Nypa and Raphia saplings. Silt was dominant and the most variable particle size fraction. A principal components analysis of the soil data indicated the first three dominant components influencing the vegetation were salinity, nutrient and soil texture. Tree height and density correlated highly with the salinity and soil texture gradients (P < 0.01), while basal area correlated with salinity and nutrient gradients (P < 0.01). While Avicannia africana in the A stratum was influenced largely by the salinity and soil texture gradients. Nypa fruticans in the B stratum was influenced by salinity and nutrients. 相似文献
93.
While riparian vegetation can play a major role in protecting land, water and natural habitat in catchments, there are high
costs associated with tree planting and establishment and in diverting land from cropping. The distribution of costs and benefits
of riparian revegetation creates conflicts in the objectives of various stakeholder groups, and elicitation of importance
weights of objectives and determination of rankings of a number of policy options by these stakeholder groups becomes critical
in decision-making. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a multicriteria analysis technique that provides an appropriate
tool to accommodate the conflicting views of various stakeholder groups. The AHP allows the users to assess the relative importance
of multiple criteria (or multiple alternatives against a given criterion) in an intuitive manner. This paper presents an application
of AHP to obtain preference weights of environmental, social and economic objectives which have been used in ranking riparian
revegetation policy options in a small catchment (watershed) in north Queensland, Australia. The preference weights towards
environmental, economic and social objectives have been obtained for the various stakeholder groups (landholders, representatives
of local sugar mill staff, environmentalists, recreational fishers and the local community). The AHP technique has proved
useful in eliciting objectives and ranking policy options as well as in checking for consistency of the statements of stakeholder
groups. Implementation of this approach requires a complex data elicitation process. 相似文献
94.
Martina M. Backes 《Agroforestry Systems》2001,50(2):119-132
In order to precisely assess the role of agroforestry for the conservation of (agro-)biological diversity there is a need
to adjust sampling methods used in plant sociology. This study is on the contribution of agroforestry land use to the in-situ conservation of indigenous trees within a typical East-African smallholder farming system in Western Kenya. A modified approach
to measuring species richness and abundance is presented. The selection of tree-rich structures was done according to management
patterns rather than considering syntaxonomic classifications from the vegetation science point of view. This approach, which
is better suited to the strongly human-influenced vegetation of agroecosystems, employs between-management unit diversity
measures to help evaluate abundance and constancy of species in particular management units.
The predominant off-farm vegetation patterns are riverine forests, rocky hillsides, hedgerows, wooded grassland relicts, woodlands or colline forest
relicts and tree groves whereas the noticeable tree-rich on-farm management units are homegardens, homesteads, life fences, coffee- and banana-groves and annual cropping fields. 98% out
of all indigenous tree species known from Bungoma, occur in off-farm lands. 53% of the indigenous tree species occur in tree rich on-farm management units while 47% of the indigenous trees are dependent on the maintenance of off-farm lands. Hedgerows embody the most promising secondary vegetation structure that shows ample potential to accommodate a wide
range of indigenous perennial species outside the natural vegetation formations. The pattern of distribution of various vegetation
structures, and the mixture with diverse tree-based on-farm plots are interesting features in regard to floristic and eco-diversity on a landscape level. In this respect, three areas
that show different population densities and distinct agro-historical conditions were compared. In regions of particular high
population density the degree of association of various functional land use forms and woodland structures – each characterised
by its own floristic make-up – is comparatively high. In contrast, in regions with less population but that were settled at
a later date, one encounters fewer stands of woody plants with lower numbers of species.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
95.
新造林中防火隔离带分为天然防火隔离带;植物防火隔离带;防火林道,人工防火线等4种。在具体布设上则分为林中防火、林线防火、山脊防火、境界防火、铁路沿线、林区房屋隔离带6种。 相似文献
96.
在广西忻城县喀斯特石山区对三种不同植被恢复模式 (任豆间种竹子模式、金银花模式、竹子模式 )地上部分生物量进行测定 .结果表明 :① 3种不同植被恢复模式的净生物量 ,显示出金银花(1 19t·hm-2 ·a-1) >竹子 (1 0 4t·hm-2 ·a-1) >任豆间种竹子 (1 0 1t·hm-2 ·a-1) ;②各种模式地上部分生物量的主要营养 (N ,P ,K)含量 ,显示出任豆间种竹子 (75 0 9kg·hm-2 ) >竹子 (33 4 0kg·hm-2 ) >金银花(2 2 95kg·hm-2 ) ;③各种模式地上部分生物量的主要营养含量的分配 ,均显示出N >K >P的规律。 相似文献
97.
98.
祁连山主要植被下土壤对降雨分配的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以祁连山主要植被类型下的土壤为研究对象,对其物理性质、渗透率、渗流速度及其地表径流进行研究,结果表明:土壤的物理性质决定着土壤对降雨的分配情况,有林地将降雨全部分配成入渗水,而牧坡草地根据降雨强度和持续时间不同将降雨按不同的比例分配成入渗水和地表径流水2部分,不同植被的土壤蓄水量也各不相同。林地土壤100cm土层蓄水量为320.2~509.7mm,比牧坡草地高5.4%~60.47%,灌丛云杉和高山灌丛土壤蓄水量最高;轻度放牧的草地土壤蓄水量比强度放牧的高33.48%。 相似文献
99.
100.