稳定同位素技术鉴别库尔勒香梨产地可行性研究

为开展碳、氮、氢、氧(C、H、O、N)稳定同位素鉴别库尔勒香梨产地的可行性研究,明确新疆库尔勒香梨δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N、δ²H、δ¹⁸O值,本研究以甘肃香梨和陕西红香酥梨作为对照,采用稳定同位素比值质谱仪(IRMS)分析新疆库尔勒香梨与对照样品的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N、δ²H、δ¹⁸O值,并采用正交校正的偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA) 鉴别新疆库尔勒香梨产地真实性。结果表明,新疆、甘肃两个产区香梨与陕西产区红香酥梨的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N、δ²H、δ¹⁸O值存在显著差异(P<0.05)。新疆产区的66份库尔勒香梨判别准确率为95.45%;甘肃产区的20份香梨样品判别准确率为60%;陕西产区的23份红香酥梨样品判别准确率为95.65%。C、N、H、O 4种稳定同位素可有效鉴别新疆库尔勒香梨和陕西红香酥梨,但在新疆库尔勒香梨与甘肃香梨鉴别方面,误判率较高,如果能结合其他鉴别技术,则有可能出现较好的鉴别效果。本研究为库尔勒香梨产地真实性鉴别提供了科学依据。     

黄金梨在辽宁的表现及其棚架栽培技术

黄金梨引自韩国,经过10 a的系统观察、区域试验、综合性状鉴定和棚架栽培技术研究,该品种在辽宁地区表现良好,果实近圆形,平均单果重356.2 g,果皮黄色,果皮薄,肉质细嫩、多汁,果肉白色,石细胞少,果心小,可食率高,味甜,可溶性固形物12.1%,总糖8.39%,总酸0.16%,Vc 5.62mg/100g,硬度8.68kg/cm2,品质极上;果实9月上旬成熟,较耐贮运,常温下可贮藏20～30d.幼树2a见果,4 a丰产.在辽宁熊岳以南地区发展前途广阔.     

钾肥对黄冠梨品质的影响

对坐果后套袋前同一栽培管理的黄冠梨树进行施钾和不施钾肥处理.于采果期,对果实单果重、Vc、果胶质、含水量、比重、粗纤维、总酸、总糖、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖等指标进行测定.结果表明:施钾肥提高黄冠梨的单果重、维生素C、果胶质、比重、总酸、总糖、葡萄糖、果糖;降低含水量、粗纤维、蔗糖的含量.     

AgNO_3对梨叶片不定梢再生过程中抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探讨AgNO3在离体培养物形态发生中的作用,以金水和金花梨组培苗为外植体,研究了不同质量浓度AgNO3对梨叶片再生不定梢过程中抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,0.1mg/LAgNO3能明显提高金水叶片不定梢再生率和再生数;金花叶片不定梢再生有效促进的AgNO3为0.1～0.5mg/L。经AgNO3处理后,2品种抗氧化物酶活性与对照差异显著。在暗培养期间,叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均有较大幅度变化,特别是经0.1mg/LAgNO3处理后,金花叶片中POD活性及金水叶片中CAT活性增幅均高于其余3个处理。叶片中O·2产生速率和H2O2含量也增加但上升幅度不及对照。在进入光培养阶段后,添加适当的AgNO3可提高叶片原有的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)峰值,且H2O2含量和O·2产生速率随之下降,但较高含量AgNO3处理易引起H2O2含量和O·2产生速率回升。虽然品种间抗氧化物酶活性变化不完全一致,但通过比较发现0.1mg/LAgNO3对提高金花和金水叶片抗氧化物酶活性效果最佳。     

Phylogenetic and expression analysis of the magnesium transporter family in pear,and functional verification of PbrMGT7 in pear pollen

The magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) is the most abundant divalent cation in living cells, and it plays essential roles in various cellular functions. Mg²⁺ homeostasis in plant cells is crucial for plant growth. The MRS2/MGT family of proteins localise to various membranes, and they function during Mg²⁺ transport in plants, but their functions are largely unknown in fruit trees. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis to identify the MGT gene family members in the pear Pyrus bretschneideri. Sixteen MGT genes were identified. Analysis of the activity of pear pollen showed that a low-concentration magnesium ion treatment was beneficial for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. None of the 16 MGT genes were expressed in any unique tissue, including pollen, and their expression in magnesium-treated pollen varied greatly, where PbrMGT7 was the most sensitive and it was tested as a representative. PbrMGT7 could functionally complement a bacterial strain deficient in Mg²⁺, thereby indicating a role in magnesium transport. A co-localisation experiment confirmed that PbrMGT7 was localised in the mitochondria, which suggests that PbrMGT7 could mediate Mg-trafficking between the mitochondria and cytosol. Overall, these results suggest that PbrMGT7 is related to Mg²⁺ homeostasis during pear pollen tube growth.??     

Transcriptome profiling reveals differentially expressed genes associated with wizened flower bud formation in Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)

Flower buds are very important for pear yield; non-germinated flower buds become wizened and drop from the branch, reducing pear production. However, little research has focused on the study of wizened flower bud (WB) formation in spring. In order to elucidate the mechanism of WB formation in pear, physiological indices relating to plant hormones and antioxidases were measured. We found that activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher and lower, respectively, in WBs than in normal flower buds (NBs). The contents of indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and cytokinin (CTK) were lower in WBs, while the level of addition of abscisic acid (ABA) was higher in WBs than in NBs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were surveyed between WBs and NBs. In total, 23 DEGs relating to POD and SOD were detected from GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment, and 29 DEGs associated with plant hormone biosynthesis were found from the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway. Notably, the expression patterns of these 52 genes were consistent with variations of antioxidase activities or hormone contents. Because POD and SOD are stress-response enzymes, the differences in POD and SOD activities between NBs and WBs indicated that WB formation in pear could result from ambient environmental stresses that influence expression levels of hormone biosynthesis genes.     

香梨自交后代的遗传表现

本文以香梨自交后代9个株系实生树为试材．对其果实经济性状、过氧化物(POD)同工酶酶谱．花釉形态进行了观测。结果表明：香梨自交后代在许多经济性状上表现中庸回归;果面红晕属于质量性状遗传;POD酶谱的一致性证明了自交纯化基因型的遗传效应;自交后代较高的雄性不育率反映了异花授粉植物雄性不育的普遍性。本试验也证明了花粉器官的保守性。     

水分胁迫下梨、枣和葡萄叶片中甜菜碱含量的变化

 本研究表明, 在水分供应充足的条件下, 梨、枣和葡萄3 种果树叶片中均含有甜菜碱, 其中枣最高, 梨次之, 葡萄最低; 轻度水分胁迫诱导了梨成龄叶中甜菜碱水平增高将近1 倍; 枣和葡萄叶片中的甜菜碱水平对水分胁迫基本没有响应; 梨在水分胁迫下诱导的甜菜碱主要是由叶片独立合成的。     

梨果面坏损区域的计算机视觉检测方法

为检测梨的果面的坏损区域,提出了一种利用多台摄像机在多个角度进行拍摄,对多幅采集后的图像进行切割,提取各自特征并进行拼合的算法。试验证明,这是一种较为快速、准确检测梨的果面坏损区域大小的算法,识别梨的坏损面积的相对误差能控制在±0.2范围内,处理时间为250～350ms;识别梨坏损区域数的正确率为0.89,可以满足系统设计要求。     

珠江口颗粒附着微生物群落沿环境梯度的演替

将PCR-DGGE技术和典范对应分析相结合,研究了珠江口水体颗粒附着微生物群落沿环境梯度的空间分布特征及其影响因素。DGGE指纹图谱分析表明,颗粒附着微生物群落沿环境梯度表现出明显的空间演替:不同站位之间既存在共同谱带,又具有各自的特征谱带;S4和S5两个站位的微生物群落结构与其相邻站位相比,DGGE指纹图谱变化明显,是颗粒附着微生物从海淡水混合区向海水区演替的中间过渡类型。对DGGE图谱中19条主带回收、测序表明,两个序列与已培养的微生物同源性≥99%,其余17条序列均与未培养的环境微生物种群具有很高的相似性(91%～100%);变形菌门和拟杆菌门是珠江口颗粒附着微生物的优势种群,其中变形菌门为绝对优势种群(78.9%)。典范对应分析显示,氮相关营养盐水平和盐度是影响水体颗粒附着微生物群落分布格局的两个主要因素。