棉铃虫和烟夜蛾生殖行为比较研究

在(27±1)℃,光周期14L:10D的条件下对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)和烟夜蛾(Helicoverpa assulta)的生殖行为进行了比较研究.结果表明:(1)2种夜蛾雌蛾或雄蛾的交配能力之间均无显著差异;3日龄蛾的交配率较高,6日龄前棉铃虫的交配率均显著高于烟夜蛾;不同蛾龄下烟夜蛾的交配...     

交配和黑光灯处理对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera生物钟基因cryptochromes mRNA表达的影响

[目的]明确交配和黑光灯处理对棉铃虫生物钟基因cryptochromes mRNA表达的影响。[方法]应用实时定量PCR（SYBR Green）技术检测不同条件下棉铃虫cryptochromes（cry1和cry2）基因的表达。提取棉铃虫头部总RNA,经DNase I消化后进行反转录合成cDNA,并采用特异性引物分别对cry1、cry2和EF-1α基因进行实时定量PCR扩增。[结果]黑光灯处理棉铃虫2h,其cry1mRNA的表达量明显降低;cry2mRNA的表达量小于对照,但两者之间差异性并不显著。交配对棉铃虫cry1和cry2mRNA表达均存在显著影响,并且雌、雄两性cry1和cry2mRNA表达量在交配后随时间延长呈下降趋势。[结论]该结果对进一步研究cry基因的功能以及棉铃虫防治具有重要意义。     

Resistance monitoring of Heliothis virescens to pyramided cotton varieties with a hydrateable, artificial cotton leaf bioassay

Proof of concept was demonstrated for a practical, off-the-shelf bioassay to monitor for tobacco budworm resistance to pyramided Bt cotton using plant filtrates. The bioassay was based on a previously described feeding disruption test using hydrateable artificial diet containing a blue indicator dye, a diagnostic dose of insecticide and novel assay architecture. Using neonate larvae from a Bt-susceptible, laboratory reared tobacco budworm strain, a diagnostic dose for Bollgard II and WideStrike cotton was obtained that limited neonate blue fecal production to 0-2 pellets in 24 h (Bt-resistant larvae produced >2 fecal pellets). The bioassay was tested with three different field populations of tobacco budworm collected from tobacco in central North Carolina (USA) and shown to accurately diagnose susceptibility to Bt. The diagnostic doses were also successfully evaluated with two Bt-resistant, laboratory reared tobacco budworm strains. Shelf life studies showed the assay could be stored for at least 6 months at room temperature (longer storage times were not studied). The application of the bioassay as an easy to use monitoring tool is discussed.     

陆地棉单萜合酶基因GhTPS4和GhTPS5的克隆及棉铃虫诱导的基因表达分析

通过本地Blast筛选陆地棉转录组数据并结合RACE的方法,克隆获得2个陆地棉萜类合酶基因全长,命名为GhTPS4(Genebank登录号:KF860865)和GhTPS5(Genebank登录号:KF860866)。GhTPS4和GhTPS5基因分别编码590个和598个氨基酸,预测分子量为68.5 kDa和69.9 kDa,等电点为5.59和5.66。生物信息分析表明:GhTPS4和GhTPS5均含有叶绿体转运肽,并含有"DDxx D"和"RRX8W"保守域,具有典型的单萜合酶特征。此外,聚类分析表明GhTPS4和GhTPS5均属于Tpsb亚家族。利用荧光定量PCR的方法,对GhTPS4和GhTPS5在棉铃虫为害陆地棉(石远321)叶片的表达模式进行了研究,结果表明:GhTPS4的表达量在处理后不同时间均高于未处理对照,在处理后36 h表达量最高,表明GhTPS4在应答棉铃虫为害时可能起到了积极的防御作用。GhTPS5在处理后不同时间均比未处理对照表达量低,其功能尚需进一步探讨。     

丙磺舒在阿维菌素作用棉铃虫细胞中的增效机制研究

丙磺舒是ABCC转运蛋白抑制剂,用系列浓度阿维菌素和200μmol/L丙磺舒的食物饲喂棉铃虫,检测中肠组织中阿维菌素的含量。结果表明:与单独使用阿维菌素相比,混合使用丙磺舒后阿维菌素在中肠中的平均驻留时间(MRT)增加了13%,消除半衰期(t1/2z)增加了27%,药物峰值提高了2.8倍。细胞活力测定发现,亚致死剂量阿维菌素与400μmol/L丙磺舒混用后,棉铃虫细胞的活力降低了67.1%。表明抑制ABCC转运蛋白可以提高阿维菌素在棉铃虫中肠的驻留能力,提高药物对棉铃虫细胞的毒力。     

A perspective on management of Helicoverpa armigera: transgenic Bt cotton,IPM, and landscapes

Helicoverpa armigera is a major pest of agriculture, horticulture and floriculture throughout the Old World and recently invaded parts of the New World. We overview of the evolution in thinking about the application of area‐wide approaches to assist with its control by the Australian Cotton Industry to highlight important lessons and future challenges to achieving the same in the New World. An over‐reliance of broad‐spectrum insecticides led to Helicoverpa spp. in Australian cotton rapidly became resistant to DDT, synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates and endosulfan. Voluntary strategies were developed to slow the development of insecticide resistance, which included rotating chemistries and basing spray decisions on thresholds. Despite adoption of these practices, insecticide resistance continued to develop until the introduction of genetically modified cotton provided a platform for augmenting Integrated Pest Management in the Australian cotton industry. Compliance with mandatory resistance management plans for Bt cotton necessitated a shift from pest control at the level of individual fields or farms towards a coordinated area‐wide landscape approach. Our take‐home message for control of H. armigera is that resistance management is essential in genetically modified crops and must be season long and area‐wide to be effective. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

两种夜蛾科昆虫卵的超微形态特征对比研究

[目的]探索甜菜夜蛾和烟青虫卵的形态学特征,为卵的发育及种群鉴定积累资料。[方法]运用扫描电子显微镜对两种昆虫卵的超微结构特征进行观察。[结果]甜菜夜蛾和烟青虫的卵均为球状,前者卵壳表面具网状纹饰,且分布有较多的呼吸空,卵孔外围的梅花状刻纹卵石状;后者卵壳表面隆起贯穿两极,隆起间具梯形纹饰,亚极区的隆起上分布有乳突,未见呼吸孔的分布。[结论]甜菜夜蛾和烟青虫卵的超微结构特征存在种间特异性,超微特征丰富了两种昆虫的个体发育资料,也为两种昆虫的卵及其外类群的准确鉴定提供参考。     

人工神经网络在棉铃虫发生等级预报中的应用

国内棉铃虫划分为热带型、亚热带型、温带型和新疆型4个地理型,预测棉铃虫的发生对棉铃虫的防治和安排农事生产有着重大意义。笔者选取新疆麦盖提县植保站棉铃虫发生资料与同期气象资料按月平均处理后,通过相关分析法选出与发生等级相关的因子作为预测因子,分别用逐步回归法和人工神经网络建立该地的预测预报模型。结果表明,BP神经网络预报模型的拟合精度和预报精度高于逐步回归模型,在干旱区,温度对棉铃虫发生的影响强于降雨量的影响。     

棉铃虫氨肽酶N基因片段克隆、表达和内源蛋白检测

氨肽酶N（APN）是苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫毒素Cry在昆虫中肠中的一个重要受体。研究氨肽酶N在昆虫中肠中的分布特征对于阐明Cry毒素的杀虫机理和昆虫对Cry毒素的抗性机理具有重要的意义。通过RT-PCR的方法从棉铃虫中肠上皮细胞中克隆得到氨肽酶N的基因片段APN1551,并诱导表达纯化得到其重组蛋白APN517。以此蛋白为抗原,制备其抗血清。用该抗血清能检测到棉铃虫中肠上皮细胞中的APN蛋白。为研究Cry毒素的作用机理奠定基础。