Evaluating the role of seed priming in improving drought tolerance of pigmented and non‐pigmented rice

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of seed priming on drought tolerance of pigmented and non‐pigmented rice. Seeds of pigmented (cv. Heug Jinju Byeo) and non‐pigmented (cv. Anjoong) rice were soaked in water (hydropriming) or solution of CaCl₂ (osmopriming). Seeds were sown in soil‐filled pots retained at 70 (well‐watered) and 35% (drought) water‐holding capacity. Drought stress caused erratic and poor stand establishment and decreased the growth of both rice types. More decrease in plant height and leaf area under drought stress was noted in pigmented rice, whereas decrease in root length and seedling dry weight, under drought, was more obvious in non‐pigmented rice. Pigmented rice maintained more tissue water and photosynthesis and had more polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity than non‐pigmented rice. Seed priming was effective in improving stand establishment, growth, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity; however, extent of improvement was more in pigmented rice under drought. In conclusion, drought caused erratic germination and suppressed plant growth in both rice types. However, pigmented rice had better drought tolerance owing to uniform emergence, and better physiological and morphological plasticity. Seed priming was quite helpful in improving the performance of both rice types under drought and well‐watered conditions.     

南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害发生特点及综合防控措施

本文介绍了南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害的种类及为害发生特点,并提出了相应的病虫害综合防控措施,保证晚熟柑桔的正常生长,以期为当地晚熟柑桔生产、种植户节本增收提供参考。     

河北省县域农业绿色发展指标时空变化特征

为剖析河北省县域农业绿色发展的主要问题及限制因素,本文以河北省135个县(区)为研究对象,围绕社会、经济、生产力、资源和生态环境5个维度,选取了26项农业绿色发展指标,基于专家意见和统计资料,参照农业绿色发展程度将入选指标从高到低划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级,并定量分析了1996年和2016年河北省县域尺度的农业绿色发展指标时空变化特征。结果表明, 20年间河北省农业生产条件不断改善,农业机械化水平与农田灌溉水平均有不同程度的提升;农业经济效益大幅增长,单位面积农业产值与人均可支配收入分别增长了1.96倍和3.05倍;农业生产能力持续提升,表现为单位面积热量产量及植物蛋白产量持续上升,氮素利用效率有所回升;资源投入持续增加,表现为氮、磷、农药及农膜的使用强度不断增加;环境风险仍处于较高水平。从空间变化来看,河北省东北部和南部地区社会发展、经济和农业生产的农业绿色发展程度呈提高趋势;而资源和生态环境指标绿色发展程度总体表现为下降趋势,呈现出西北部和东南部地区高的特征。5类指标绿色发展程度等级处于Ⅰ级水平的县域数量占比较高,呈现明显的空间差异。河北省农业绿色发展的主要瓶颈问题来自资源短缺、环境污染和生态破坏,造成以上问题的原因是资源投入过高、种养结构改变和农牧分离严重,下一步需要提高资源利用效率,保持产地环境的清洁和生态系统的稳定,快速推进河北省县域的农业绿色发展。     

微喷灌溉在山区农业园区的应用研究

对农业休闲园区内进行微喷灌溉设计、施工和应用效果检验,介绍了山区丘陵地形应用微喷高效节水灌溉的设计参数、施工措施和应注意的问题,为发展山区微喷灌溉、服务农业园区提供参考。     

How do timing,duration, and intensity of drought stress affect the agronomic performance of winter rye?

Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) will be especially affected by drought induced yield losses in Central and Eastern Europe in the future because it is predominantly cultivated on low-fertile soils with a poor water-holding capacity. In order to examine the performance of winter rye under different drought conditions, field experiments were carried out during the years 2011, 2012, and 2013 near Braunschweig, Germany. Two sets of genotypes were tested under severe, mild, pre-anthesis, and post-anthesis drought stress in rain-out shelters as well as under rainfed and well-watered conditions. The grain, straw, and total above ground biomass yields, harvest index, grain yield components, leaf area index (LAI), and phenological characteristics were examined, as well as phenotypic correlations between grain yield and further characteristics. Drought induced grain yield reduction ranged from 14 to 57%, while straw yield and harvest index were lesser affected by drought than the grain yield. Under drought conditions, fully ripe was reached up to twelve days earlier than under non water-limited conditions. Pre-anthesis drought mainly reduced spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ while drought during grain filling reduced the 1000-kernel weight (TKW) only. The grain yield was positively associated with straw yield, spikes m⁻², and kernels spike⁻¹ under water limited conditions while the TWK was only positively associated with grain yield under drought during grain filling. Consequently, high pre-anthesis biomass as well as high numbers of spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ are especially important for obtaining high grain yields under water-limited conditions. Focusing on these traits is, therefore, recommendable for developing drought tolerant rye genotypes.     

城市风景类风景名胜区建设模式初探——以广州白云山风景名胜区为例

结合对广州白云山风景名胜区规划和建设的调研和观察结果,从布局、功能、配套设施、生态结构4个方面加以分析,试图总结并归纳城市风景类风景名胜区规划建设的特点和内在规律,为相关风景区规划与建设提供参考。     

左右岸省界缓冲区水质达标评价方法研究

左右岸省界缓冲区作为协调省际间用水关系的重要水域,其水质达标评价及污染责任划分是流域限制纳污红线制度实施的重要内容。从左右岸省界缓冲区的相关概念出发,根据省份的位置关系将其分为缓冲区完全在两省省界上、缓冲区部分在两省省界上以及缓冲区在多省交界上三种情形,并结合左右岸省界缓冲区特点确定调整浓度核算法、代表断面判断法、限制排污总量-污染物入河量评估法等水质达标评价方法,以判断左右岸省份缓冲区的水质达标情况,从而划分缓冲区左右岸省份的污染责任。实例验证模拟显示,确定的方法切实可行,研究方法可为流域污染责任划分提供技术支撑,从而促进限制纳污制度的顺利实施。     

沈阳铁西区装备制造产业聚集实证分析

铁西区通过打造装备制造业产业聚集区。形成了高档数控机床、通用石化装备等六大主导产业以及电气及新能源等五大千亿产业集群，成为我国老工业基地振兴的区域典范。介绍铁西装备制造业聚集区发展现状，采用区位熵法测算沈阳装备制造业的产业集中度，对全市装备制造业的现状及问题进行分析，得出相应结论。     

基于LEED-ND认证的绿色社区开发策略分析--以上海城市最佳实践区为例

指出了中国正处在快速城市化的阶段,绿色社区开发已成为广泛关注的议题。以上海城市最佳实践区为例,通过对LEED-ND认证指标体系的分析,探讨了在LEED-ND认证体系驱动下,城市最佳实践区在场地规划、建筑节能、可再生能源和水资源利用等方面采取的开发策略和应用的绿色技术,以期为未来绿色社区的开发建设提供参考。     

基于多时相双极化SAR数据的作物种植面积提取

及时准确地获取农作物的空间分布信息和种植面积,在农业生产管理与农业政策的制定等斱面具有非常重要的作用。本文以多时相Sentinel-1A影像(4月17日、5月5日、6月16日、7月22日、8月27日、9月2日)为主要数据源,根据研究区作物的物候特征,提取棉花、玉米和果树在不同生长期的后向散射系数(Sigma)和归一化后向散射系数(Gamma)。通过对作物不同极化、不同时相后向散射系数的统计,建立散射特征时序变化曲线,幵分析其特征。利用人工神经网络(Artificial neural network)、支持向量机(Support vector machine)和随机森林(Random forest) 3种分类斱法对研究区的主要农作物迚行分类识别以及种植面积提取,幵对分类结果对比分析和验证。结果表明, 1)棉花的后向散射系数在6月现蕾期和7月开花期明显上升,8月仹达最高值,变化特征最明显,易与其他作物区分;玉米和果树的后向散射系数在9月仹与其他地物之间表现出显著差异。2)相较于神经网络和支持向量机,随机森林的分类效果最好,总体精度达88.97%。其中,对棉花和果园的分类精度为90.88%和93.17%,对玉米的分类效果最差,仅有71.6%。综上所述,多时相双极化SAR数据在不同类型作物的识别及面积提取斱面具有一定的应用潜力。