铅锌矿渣堆周围农田土壤中铜和铅的分布分析

对堆积15、25年左右的铅锌矿渣堆周围10、20、50 m农田土壤中的重金属铅和铜的含量及其变化规律进行调查研究。结果表明,堆积时间越长的渣堆周围土壤中总铅的含量越高,而总铜的含量相对较低;距渣堆越近的土壤中重金属总量越高;在50 m内距渣堆越远的土壤中有效铜的含量随距离的增加而升高,有效铅的含量却相反,在距铅锌矿渣堆周围50~100 m甚至更远范围内的土壤都会受到重金属铅的污染。     

乐安河兰村洲段土壤重金属污染状况分析

研究了江西省乐平市乐安河上游岸边的兰村洲段的土壤主要重金属Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb的污染状况。结果表明:该地区重金属Cu、Cd污染严重;Zn、Pb的含量不造成污染。从空间污染特征看,在离河道15,50,75 m处污染较严重,5 m处中层土含量较高;Cu随距离河道越远,含量越少,在离河道5 m表层土及下层土污染指数较高,污染较严重。因此,该地区比较适合选取能忍耐并富集Cu和Cd且根系较深的的植物进行植物修复来治理土壤重金属污染。     

川产道地中药材川芎根茎对土壤重金属元素的吸收富集特征

[目的]为川芎的可持续发展及无公害栽培提供依据。[方法]以四川彭州道地中药材川芎种植区为研究区域,从地球化学角度研究川芎根茎对土壤重金属元素的吸收富集特征。[结果]研究区土壤Hg含量符合国家土壤环境质量二级标准,Pb、Cd、Cr、As元素含量符合国家土壤环境质量一级标准。川芎根茎中Cd、Hg元素含量超出GAP药用植物标准;Cd出现低背景高富集,Hg出现高背景高富集。川芎根茎中的Hg、Pb、Cr元素含量与土壤中重金属Hg、Pb、Cr元素含量相关关系显著,Cd、As元素含量与土壤中重金属Cd、As元素含量相关关系不明显。川芎根茎对土壤中重金属元素的富集能力差异显著,呈现出Cd>Hg>Pb>As>Cr的变化趋势。[结论]川芎的种植地应严格控制土壤重金属Cd、Hg、Pb元素的污染。     

我国超富集·富集植物筛选研究进展

介绍我国进行重金属污染土壤植物修复的超富集、富集植物筛选研究进展,同时对植物修复研究中的植物筛选问题提出了一些设想。     

污染土壤的修复技术研究进展

土目前污染土壤的修复方法主要有理化修复和生物修复 ,以及这些方法相结合的联合修复。综述了各种修复技术的原理、优缺点、实用性及其国际研究与发展动态 ;并指出生物修复技术以其独特的优势必将成为今后进一步研究的重点。     

攀枝花矿渣场重金属污染对土壤微生物学指标的影响

通过野外采集土样及测定,研究了攀枝花矿渣场重金属污染对土壤微生物指标的影响。结果表明,与对照土壤相比,矿渣场土壤微生物参数发生了明显的改变,微生物呼吸速率减弱,生物量降低,生理生态参数Cmic/Corg下降,qCO2值明显升高;脱氢酶活性表现为抑制作用。反映出的微生物学特征可作为矿渣场土壤环境质量变异的有效指标。     

镉污染土壤植物修复研究进展

综述近年来土壤镉污染及植物修复的相关研究成果,分析土壤镉的背景值、污染物的来源和我国农业土壤镉污染现况,阐述镉污染土壤植物修复的机理、种质资源及调控措施。     

Carbon and trace element fluxes in the pore water of an urban soil following greenwaste compost, woody and biochar amendments, inoculated with the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris

The benefits of adding composted organic materials to soils to enhance carbon storage could be countered by the mobilisation of some harmful pollutants commonly found in frequently degraded urban soils. Therefore non-composted materials could be a safer option. In the present study, carbon and trace element fluxes in soil pore water were studied in response to the surface mulch addition and the incorporation into an urban soil of greenwaste compost versus two non-composted amendments; a woody oversize material and biochar following inoculation with the vertical burrowing earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. The aim was to establish (i) to what extent the non-composted amendments impacted on mobility of soluble trace elements in the soil, compared to the composted amendment, and (ii) if/how this was regulated by earthworm activity.Both composted and non-composted amendments enhanced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil pore water to ∼100-300 mg l⁻¹ in the upper depth of the soil profile above which they were applied as a mulch and similarly within the mesocosms in which they were mixed. Dissolved organic carbon, dissolved nitrogen (DTN) and trace metals, especially Cu and Pb, where enhanced to the greatest extent by greenwaste compost, because of strong co-mobilisation of metals by DOC. Biochar enhanced As and Cu mobility in the field profile and, additionally Pb in the mesocosms, with no effect on Cd. The woody, oversize amendment neither greatly increased DOC nor As, Cu, Pb or Zn mobility although, unlike the other amendments, earthworms increased DOC and Cd mobility when soils were amended with this material.This study concludes that non-composted amendments had a lower impact on DOC and thus trace element co-mobility than the composted greenwaste in this urban soil, whilst the general influence of earthworms was to reduce DOC and hence associated trace element mobility. In wider environmental terms the addition of non-composted materials to some urban soils, versus composted greenwaste could reduce the risk of mobilising potentially harmful elements, whilst usefully improving soil quality.     

潮间带沉积物中重金属污染评价及生物有效性研究进展

潮间带是一个典型的环境脆弱带和敏感带,极易受到人类活动的破坏.潮间带重金属除了直接对潮间带生物有影响外,还可以通过过食物链的富集和放大作用影响人类健康,同时由于潮间带水动力和生物活动的影响,造成重金属的重新分布和释放,产生重金属的"二次污染",直接危害近岸环境.开展重金属元素在潮间带沉积物中含量、赋存形态、污染评价及其生物有效性已成为目前环境科学领域中十分重要的研究内容和任务,国内外学者均对河流沉积物重金属污染开展了大量的研究.文章从这4个方面阐述了潮间带沉积物重金属研究进展,以期为潮间带沉积物重金属研究提供一定的参考.     

Addition of Leucaena-KX2 mulch in a shaded coffee agroforestry system increases both stable and labile soil C fractions

Agroforestry systems have the potential to increase sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) as soil organic carbon (SOC) because of the increased rates of organic matter addition and retention. However, few studies have characterized the relative stability of sequestered SOC in soil. We characterized SOC storage in aggregate size and chemical stability classes to estimate the relative stability of SOC pools after the addition of Leucaena-KX2 pruning residues (mulch) from 2006 to 2008 in a shaded coffee agroforestry system in Hawaii. Soil samples were separated by microaggregate isolation, density flotation and dispersion, and acid hydrolysis, resulting in five distinct fractions that differed in relative stability: coarse particulate organic matter (POM), fine POM, microaggregate-protected POM, silt + clay hydrolyzable soil organic matter (SOM), and silt + clay non-hydrolyzable SOM. With mulch addition, the fine POM fraction increased. There was also a shift in the proportion of SOC to more stable silt + clay fractions. In the absence of mulch there was no significant change in SOC fractions. Given that the turnover time of SOC in silt + clay fractions is on the order of decades to centuries, the potential benefits of active shade management and mulching compensate for the loss of C sequestration in tree biomass from pollarding.