17.2％吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬乳剂对玉米的防病保健作用

[目的]了解17.2％吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬乳剂在防治玉米大斑病中的应用效果.[方法]通过2012、2013年两年的田间示范试验研究17.2％吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬乳剂对玉米大斑病的防治效果及其对玉米植株的保健作用.[结果]17.2％吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬乳剂对玉米大斑病的防治效果达到90％以上,该药剂处理后的玉米穗长明显增加、叶绿素含量增加、秃头率降低、产量增加.[结论]17.2％吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬乳剂对玉米大斑病有很好的防治效果,并且对玉米有保健增产作用.     

芦荟苹果保健醋饮料的研制

[目的]开发研制芦荟苹果醋保健饮料.[方法]以库索拉芦荟和新鲜苹果为原料,选用果酒专用酵母菌、高效果醋菌作为发酵菌种,以摇瓶发酵法制备苹果醋,将其与新鲜脱苦脱涩芦荟汁调配,通过正交试验确定醋酸发酵和芦荟苹果保健醋饮料的最佳工艺条件.[结果]试验确定醋酸发酵的最佳条件为:酒精度7.0％(V/V)、接种量15％(V/V)、发酵温度30℃、发酵时间7d,此条件下得到的苹果醋的醋酸含量为48.8 g/L;芦荟苹果保健醋饮料的最佳工艺配方为:苹果醋添加量70％、芦荟汁添加量20％、果葡糖浆16％、柠檬酸0.10％,此条件下得到的芦荟苹果醋功能饮料的综合评分为95.7分.[结论]试验研制的芦荟苹果醋保健饮料具有芦荟和苹果醋复合香味、甜酸适宜、口味醇正,且生产工艺简单,有较好的保健功能和一定的市场开发前景.     

中国茶医学科技文献研究

从全国七千多种期刊中搜集到最近十多年来茶医学类科技文献1060篇。这些文献发表在399种期刊上,共有来自352个机构的653位第一作者。发表学术类茶医学论文最多的作者是曹进,最多的机构是浙江(农业)大学,最多的期刊是《茶叶科学》。茶叶中具有保健和医疗功能的成分有13种以上,它们具有抗氧化、代谢调节、提供重要营养等7类功效,疗效涉及肝、肾、肺、胃、五官疾病和肿瘤等二十多种疾病。文章还对茶医学类文献的发展规律,作者、机构及载文期刊的构成和分布等进行了统计分析,对这类文献的生产、作用及发展方向等进行了讨论。     

巨野县浅层地下水综合环境质量及健康风险评价

研究了巨野县318件浅层地下水环境质量状况和引起的健康风险,结果表明,地下水环境质量处于较差和极差水平,TDS、NO2、CI、F、Mn、Fe因子的超标为地下水综合质量较差的主要原因。利用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型进行健康风险评价,研究区地下水样品污染物总健康风险水平为0．14×10^-6～41．92×10^-6a^-1,低于ICRP最大接受风险值5×10^-5a^-1,超出1×10^-6a^-1的样点主要分布在研究区中部和南部;致癌物砷引起的个人健康风险是总健康水平较高的原因,占总健康风险的99％,非致癌物亚硝酸氮、氟、锰、铁引起个人健康风险水平较低,引起健康风险高低表现为F〉Fe〉Mn〉NO;。     

Utility of genetically based health indicators for selection purposes in captive-reared chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Walbaum

Three health indicators, plasma lysozyme activity, PCR‐based detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum (a causative agent of bacterial kidney disease), and a necropsy‐based Health Assessment Index (HAI), were used to examined genetically based variation in a captive population of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha W.). The study group consisted of four distinct genetic cross‐types: two purebred cross‐types originating from mating wild parents (Big Qualicum River, BC, Canada) and domestic parents (Yellow Island Aquaculture, Ltd, Quadra Island, BC, Canada) and two reciprocal hybrid cross‐types from the mating of wild and domestic parents. Narrow‐sense heritability estimates for plasma lysozyme activity and the incidence of R. salmoninarum were calculated, and the genetic correlation of health indicator response with survival and growth was estimated. Significant differences among cross‐types were found for plasma lysozyme activity, HAI, survival after a natural outbreak of vibriosis (but not after a vibriosis disease challenge), relative growth rate, size‐at‐age (420 and 615 days post fertilization), and R. salmoninarum presence. Despite a significant sire component of heritability for plasma lysozyme activity, the lack of significant heritability estimates for R. salmoninarum presence, and non‐significant genetic correlations with performance variables indicates that selection to improve the health status of fish stock using the three health indicators examined here would likely not result in a measurable correlated response in survival or growth.     

Knowledge,Attitudes and Practices of Primary Care Physicians in the Franche‐Comte Region (France) Regarding the Risk of Rabies

Rabies remains a public health concern and is associated with a mortality rate of nearly 100%. An observational survey was undertaken in 2010 to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary care physicians (PCPs) in our area regarding the risk of rabies. Standardized questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 400 PCPs practicing in the Franche‐Comté region (eastern France), requesting their voluntary and anonymous participation. The questionnaires requested socio‐demographic details and self‐evaluation. Seven clinical situations were selected to assess the attitudes of physicians. The response rate was 38.5%. Most of the PCPs were based in rural and semi‐rural areas, 76% knew where their nearest rabies centre was located and 75% of them claimed their knowledge of the risk of rabies was poor. While most of them (>80%) knew which animals transmitted the disease as well as the severity criteria for bites, only 12% knew that there was no contraindication for the rabies vaccine in the event of exposure to the disease. Responses to the seven clinical situations showed that most of them did not know the precise indication for the rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin. Primary care physicians are usually aware of the risk of rabies, but their knowledge of how to manage rabies exposure and prevention often requires updating. The health authorities should provide more detailed information to PCPs and to the general population about the risk of rabies.     

PALLIATIVE RADIATION THERAPY OUTCOMES FOR CATS WITH ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (1999–2005)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately 10% of all feline tumors. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe outcomes for a group of cats with oral SCC that were treated with palliative radiation therapy. Fifty‐four cats met the inclusion criteria of nonresectable, oral SCC treated with coarse fractionated megavoltage (MeV) radiation therapy. Radiation therapy for all cats was delivered with a 6 MeV linear accelerator. Total radiation doses of 24 Gray to 40 Gray were administered in three to four fractions, once‐per‐week over 4 to 5 weeks. Concurrent chemotherapy protocols varied and were administered at the discretion of the clinician and client. Forty‐nine patients completed the planned treatment protocols. Overall mean and median survival times for cats completing the planned treatment protocols were 127 and 92 days (n = 49). Mean and median survival times of cats receiving palliative radiation therapy alone were 157 and 113 days (n = 12). Mean and median survival times of patients receiving both radiation therapy and chemotherapy were 116 and 80 days (n = 37). Patients with sublingual tumors had a median survival time of 135 days (n = 15), compared to mandibular tumors that had a median survival time of 80 days (n = 26). For the majority of patients that completed the planned treatment protocol (65%), owners reported a subjectively improved quality of life. Findings from this uncontrolled study supported the use of palliative radiation therapy for cats with nonresectable oral squamous cell carcinoma.     

Studies of the interaction between horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella) and bacterial bleeding canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi)

The white flowering horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) was first introduced to the UK ca. 500 years ago. Over the past eight years however, this tree has suffered from severe attack by a mining insect pest known as the horse chestnut leaf miner (HCLM; Cameraria ohridella) and, concomitantly a gram negative bacterium (Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi; Pae). Although studies have investigated the influence of each problem individually on tree growth and vitality the interaction between HCLM and Pae on horse chestnut remains unknown. For this reason four year old horse chestnut seedlings were artificially inoculated with Pae in the presence and absence of HCLM. Effects on tree vitality were assessed by monitoring alterations to leaf chlorophyll content, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (F_v/F_m ratios) as well as key defensive enzymatic activity (β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase) of woody tissue at the site of Pae infection. With respect to mean lesion size, the main proxy of Pae success or aggressiveness, lesion size was significantly increased in the presence of HCLM compared to trees inoculated with Pae but where HCLM was controlled using insecticide sprays. Results of this study also indicate that suppression of two key defensive enzymes, β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase, within woody tissue at the site of Pae infection, possibly as a result of reduced photosynthetic productivity caused by HCLM defoliation, maybe the underlying reason as to why Pae severity is greater in the presence of HCLM.