Exploring animal rabies endemicity to inform control programmes in Punjab,India

Previous studies estimate that one‐third of the annual global burden of rabies (~20,000 cases) occurs in India. Elimination of canine rabies is essential to reduce this burden. Surveillance of animal cases can assess both the risk to humans and the efficacy of control strategies. The objective of this study was to describe the spatial and temporal occurrence of reported confirmed cases of rabies in animals in Punjab, India, from 2004 to 2014. We analysed passive surveillance data on 556 samples submitted from 2004 to 2014 to GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Regression and time series analyses were conducted to understand seasonal and long‐term variation of cases and identify cross‐correlation of monthly cases between species. Spatio‐temporal analyses assessed spatial autocorrelation of date of reporting, mean geographic centres of disease occurrence and clustering of cases using Kulldorff's space‐time permutation statistic. The annual number of submissions and proportion of confirmed cases were consistent throughout 2004–2014. Most submissions (320; 57.6%) were confirmed rabies cases, including dogs (40.6%), buffalo (29.7%) and cattle (23.1%). Regression analysis of monthly cases in dogs showed seasonal variation with significant increases in cases in March and August. Monthly case numbers in buffalo decreased over time. Long‐term temporal trend was not detected in dog and cattle cases. Time‐series models identified significant cross‐correlation between dog and buffalo cases, suggesting that buffalo cases were spillover events from dogs. Significant spatio‐temporal variation or clusters of cases were not detected. These results indicate that rabies cases in animals—and therefore, the potential for exposure to humans—were temporally and spatially stable during 2004–2014 in Punjab, India. The endemic nature of rabies transmission in this region demands a coordinated, sustained control programme. This study provides baseline information for assessing the efficacy of rabies control measures and developing seasonally targeted dog vaccination and rabies awareness strategies.     

农药对环境和人体危害的探讨

本文简述了农药对环境的污染及对人体健康的影响,并提出几点减轻危害的意见     

几种保健品对早期断奶仔猪应激腹泻的影响

试验用膨化大豆为主要蛋白质原料配制仔猪料,观测了分别以血浆蛋白粉、痢菌净、黄霉素、盐霉素及氧化锌为主成份配制的几种营养保健品对28日龄断奶仔猪应激反应的影响.结果表明,不同营养保健品在仔猪日增重、饲料效率及腹泻率等方面功能各有不同,但差异不显著(P>0.05).本结果对养猪生产、饲料生产商合理应用保健品以及研制高保健性能仔猪料具有实用价值.     

中国水产健康养殖的关键技术研究

健康养殖包括养殖设施、苗种培育、放养密度、水质处理、饵料质量、药物使用、养殖管理等诸多方面,采用合理的、科学的、先进的养殖手段,从而获得质量好、产量高的产品及环境均无污染,使经济、社会、生态产生综合效益,并能保持稳定、可持续发展。今后工作重点应是：(1)优化养殖条件,保护生态环境。(2)加强病害综合防治措施,规范渔用药物使用。(3)开展抗病、抗逆养殖新品种的选育。(4)开发优质高效饲料与合理使用饲料并举。(5)加快研究和推广健康养殖技术,提高经济和生态效益。(6)加快制定健康养殖标准,加强质量监督检测体系建设(不属健康养殖技术的范畴)。     

1+X 证书制度下宠物养护与驯导专业育人模式探析

在1+X证书制度下,以宠物养护与驯导专业为试点,积极探索和实践现代职业教育“产教融合、校企合作、工学结合、知行合一”的人才培养模式,以期提高本专业的育人质量。     

茶多酚作为保健型香烟添加剂的综合开发

从中低档茶中提取茶多酚,将其添加到香烟中,降低香烟燃烧时产生自由基对人体的毒害,开发新型保健型香烟投放市场,既为广大烟民提供一种相对保健的香烟产品,还可提高中低档茶产品附加值。本文论述了香烟吸食社会化流行的成因、毒害发生机理;茶多酚降低香烟中自由基的产生机理,茶多酚作为添加剂在中式香烟中的开发形式。发挥茶多酚抗氧化功能、开发出新型保健型香烟,以降低香烟对人体的危害。     

Thermal tolerance of paralarvae of Patagonian red octopus Enteroctopus megalocyathus

Patagonian red octopus, Enteroctopus megalocyathus, is a merobenthic octopus whose paralarvae have been successfully cultured up to juvenile octopuses. At present, high mortality during the paralarval period prevents the scaling from experimental rearing to commercial aquaculture. The aim of the study was to determine upper (CTMax) and lower (CTMin) thermal tolerance, acclimation response ratio (ARR) and thermal tolerance polygon of paralarvae from different culture conditions and subjected to seven acclimation temperatures (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18°C) during the first 5 days of paralarval life. Culture conditions were two types of egg incubation (maternal care and artificial incubators) and two feeding regimes (fed or starved). Fed paralarvae showed thermal preferendum, while unfed paralarvae preferred much higher temperatures than those of acclimation. CTMin and CTMax increased along with the acclimation temperature. Lower values of ARR were obtained in paralarvae from artificial incubation, with this type of paralarva showing the least adaptability to thermal changes. Starved paralarvae showed the lowest values for thermal tolerance range (TTR) and smaller areas of thermal polygon than fed paralarvae. Rearing temperatures above 16°C may be considered suboptimal to paralarvae and affected by the conditions during the embryonic incubation. Rearing temperatures below 8°C may be considered suboptimal for all hatched paralarvae. Therefore, the other temperatures within this range could be used in the context of improving the culture management of paralarvae.     

蔬菜重金属污染现状及健康风险评价研究

[目的]保护人们的饮食卫生安全、提高蔬菜的品质.[方法]通过对蚌埠市禹会区市售蔬菜中五种重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr)的残留量进行测定,并根据国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)规定的标准限定值,对重金属元素残留量超标的蔬菜进行健康风险评价.[结果]市售部分蔬菜中铅含量大于国家规定值,超标率达到了77.78％,健康风险评价结果表明,存在铅污染的蔬菜对人体的健康风险为4.467×10-7a-1,低于ICPR规定的标准值(5.0×10-a-1),不会对人群构成明显的危害.[结论]食用市售蔬菜所引起的健康风险较小.     

Chinese Honey Positioning and Price Trend in Domestic Market

China's bee industry is a small proportion of domestic agriculture with fewer farmers, and the government didn't attach much attention to or give supports to it. Agricultural production sector does not fully recognize the economic value of honeybee pollination. Chinese beekeepers gain profits only from products such as honey, royal jelly and bee pollen. Because of the production mode that aims at gathering and producing more honey while neglecting the health care of bees and the quality of products; export enterprises lack guidance and knowledge in export inspection and quarantine and technical regulations, and thus, the average price of China's bee honey exports is much lower than that of other countries in the world. Meanwhile, in domestic market, given the sustained development of China's macro economy and increasing incomes of residents, people show increasing interests in the health care function of honey. Based on the survey data of honey market in Beijing, Hangzhou, Qingdao, Zhengzhou and Chengdu from 2012 to 2015, the paper analyzes the price feature of China's honey market and its formulation basis, and also compares prices of honey with the same quality in different markets. Moreover, the paper combines data from fixed observation places of honey products production, which is carried out by the economic research group of bee industry in 11 provinces, to discuss reasons for continuous honey price rising in domestic market. Lastly, the paper uses the honey as an example to analyze pricing strategy of agricultural products with health care functions. The paper hold the opinions that the keys to solve the problem that high quality agricultural material couldn't sell in high price and good and bad are mixed in the market, is to build up quality and price mechanism in the processing of raw material purchasing to the terminal market, publicize more products information and superior customer attractiveness on health care effect.