泉州湾春、夏季浮游植物的生态特征

本文根据2001年5月、8月两航次调查材料,对泉州湾网采浮游植物样品进行鉴定,结果表明:两个航次鉴定到种的共有129种,中肋骨条藻(skeletonema costatum)为主要种类,其中5月浮游植物的细胞数量和种类数均多于8月。泉州湾的浮游植物具有多样性指数低、丰富度低、优势度高、均匀度低的特点。     

Microcystin production during algal bloom occurrence in Laguna de Bay, the Philippines

ABSTRACT:   The amount of microcystin in Microcystis aeruginosa bloom was investigated during the rainy season of 1999 in Laguna de Bay, the Philippines. Bloom samples taken from the West Bay and East Cove stations of the lake were studied in relation to the characteristics of environmental conditions. Four types of microcystins, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), microcystin-RR (MC-RR), 6(Z)-Adda-microcystin-RR, and 3-desmethylmicrocystin-LR were identified from the natural bloom samples among which MC-LR was the most dominant type of microcystin. Production of microcystin (88.6 µg/100 mg dried cells) was highest during the first sampling week that coincided with high water transparency and high conductivity. The occurrence of a strong typhoon during the second sampling week had changed the environment drastically, which was characterized by low water transparency, high turbidity, low water temperature, and with trace amounts of MC-LR detected at the East Cove station. Thus, toxin production over time as well as the relationship between Microcystis production and toxin concentration could not be fully evaluated.     

辽东湾安氏短吻银鱼的生物学

安氏短吻银鱼Neosalanx andersoni(Randahl)曾为辽东湾早春的重要捕捞对象。本文对该鱼的形态特征、繁殖、食性、洄游等进行了调查，并对其分布、精巢数目、资源下降的原因以及繁殖保护的措施作了分析和讨论．     

福建三沙湾养殖大黄鱼肠道菌群研究

为研究大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea）肠道细菌的群落结构,提取大黄鱼肠道内容物和肠壁样品总DNA,构建细菌16SrDNA克隆文库．分别从两个文库中随机挑选阳性克隆子测序,序列同源性分析和系统进化分析结果表明：在大黄鱼肠道中存在梭杆菌纲（Fusobacteria）细菌、拟杆菌纲细菌（Bacteroidetes）和γ-变形细菌纲（γ-Proteobacteria）细菌．肠壁样品细菌多样性高于肠道内容物样品．梭杆菌属细菌在肠道内容物样品中占据优势地位,而肠壁样品则以拟杆菌属细菌为最优势细菌类群,其次是梭杆菌属细菌。两个样品中均只检测到少量γ-变形细菌纲细菌．     

烟台四十里湾浅海养殖生物及附着生物的化学组成、有机净生产量及其生态效应

对四十里湾养殖海区一些双壳贝类和藻类收获时的化学组成和有机净生产量进行了分析，不同双壳贝类软体有机碳含量差别不大，而N含量差异较大，栉孔扇贝软体N含量最高（12．36％），而牡蛎，毛坩相对较低（8％－9％），贻贝和菲律宾蛤仔贝壳N含量最高，为0．55％和0．56％，而栉孔扇贝壳则较低（0．1％），且贝壳，C，N，P在扇贝C，N，P总含量中所占的比例分别为6．2％，7．5％和6．9％，海带和石莼元素组成说明海区营养元素N的不足，海带的不同部位N含量差别很大，且在不同海区有较大变化，贻贝贝壳C，H，N和P含量在整个贻贝中占有相对大的比例，分别为30．4％，30．2％，31．8％，29．6％，菲律宾蛤仔，长牡蛎和中国蛤蜊等贝类贝壳中这些元素的相对含量也较高，布扇贝贝壳却较低，四十里湾海区每年因贝类和藻类的养殖，海区将至少减少850tN和78tP，其中贝壳的营养损失占据着相当比例，在海水交换受到一定限制，营养不很丰富，海区，养殖生物收获本身也会对海区的营养状况产生影响，根据贝壳N，P的含量，笔者认为在营养不很丰富的沿岸海区，贻贝，牡蛎最好不养或尽可能少养。     

象山港放流虾群亲虾的产卵回归和生物学性状

象山港放流对虾主群在浙江岛礁外侧海区越冬后,翌年春随着温度回升逐步向沿岸回归,回归路线大致与浙江海岸线垂直,主群出现在象山港口的六横南部及三门湾口部海域。少量亲虾在港内越冬。亲虾的交配率达99.7%,性腺发育正常,体长组成与黄渤海亲虾一致。为浙江近海自然繁殖提供了优质的亲虾基础。     

夏季杭州湾南岸慈溪滩涂泥螺种群空间分布格局

2004年7月对杭州湾南岸慈溪自然滩涂的泥螺种群进行了取样调查,分别采用Taylor幂法则、Iwao聚集格局回归分析法及Morisita指数公式计算和统计分析。结果表明:杭州湾南岸7个样地间泥螺种群密度差异极显著,种群空间格局在局域斑块尺度属于聚集型负二项分布。造成样地间密度差异的主要原因是人为干扰,泥螺种群的空间分布格局主要与滩涂上积水区域呈斑块状分布有关。     

Waterfowl-habitat associations during winter in an urban North Atlantic estuary

Coastal habitats near urban centres in North Atlantic estuaries often support substantial numbers of wintering waterfowl, but little is known of the effects of landscape setting and urbanisation on habitat use. We conducted surveys of waterfowl at 32 wintering sites in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, to identify characteristics that may influence habitat use. Sites were chosen along a gradient of urbanisation and reflected the dominant habitat types used by waterfowl in the Bay. Mean waterfowl abundance was 206.7 ± 209.5 birds per site, and sites in the inner part of the estuary had higher overall waterfowl abundances (r² = 0.40, p = 0.021). Species richness ranged from 3.2 to 13.0 and decreased with increasing hunting activity (r² = 0.36, p = 0.040). Hunting activity and habitat characteristics (e.g., latitude, shoreline configuration, prey density) explained 13-27% of the variation in waterfowl abundance and species richness among sites, but landscape characteristics (e.g., surrounding residential development, vegetated land, or wetland surrounding the sites and the extent of wetland edge) explained an additional 1-26%. The landscape characteristics extent of adjacent residential development and vegetated upland were the most common variables entering into the models; most species were more abundant at sites with more adjacent vegetated upland and less adjacent residential development. Our results suggest that landscape setting may be influencing the distribution of wintering waterfowl, and should be considered when developing strategies for the conservation for these species in urban North Atlantic estuaries.     

Testing the utility of abiotic surrogates for marine habitat mapping at scales relevant to management

Habitat mapping at the scale at which marine protected areas are designed and managed is essential for assessment of, and design for, representation. Most habitat mapping studies rely solely or in part on abiotic surrogates for patterns of biodiversity. The utility of abiotic variables in predicting biological distributions at the local scale (10 s of km) was tested in a remote video survey of macrobenthos in Moreton Bay, Australia. Habitat classifications of the same set of 41 sites based on 6 abiotic variables and abundances of 89 taxa and bioturbation indicators were compared using correlation, regression and ordination analyses. The concepts of false homogeneity (abiotically similar but biologically distinct) and false heterogeneity (abiotically distinct but biologically similar) were defined to describe types of errors associated with using abiotic surrogates to construct habitat maps, and quantified using two separate methods. Overall, the best prediction by abiotic surrogates explained less than 30% of the pattern of biological similarity. Errors of false homogeneity were between 20% and 62%, depending on the methods of estimation. Predictive capability of abiotic surrogates at the taxon level was poor, with only 6% of taxon/surrogate correlations significant. Abiotic variables did not discriminate sufficiently between different soft bottom communities to be a reliable basis for mapping. These results have implications for the widespread use of abiotic surrogates in marine habitat mapping to plan for, or assess, representation in marine protected areas. Little confidence can be placed in marine habitat classifications based solely or largely on abiotic surrogates without calibration by rigorous biological surveys at the appropriate scale. Therefore, it is questionable whether marine protected areas designed on this basis can have measurable benefits for conservation.     

唐岛湾网箱养殖对水环境的影响

2004-08～2005-05分4个航次对唐岛湾网箱养殖区的水环境进行了现场调查，分析讨论了网箱养殖对水环境的影响。结果表明，唐岛湾网箱养殖对海水的水温、盐度、透明度、DO、pH的影响不显著，对叶绿素a浓度的影响显著（t-test，P〈0.05）。养殖区CODMn虽然也显著高于对照点，但主要受陆源污染的影响，与网箱养殖关系不大。养殖区和对照点海水中无机氮的主要形态均以NO^3--N为主，其次是NH^4＋-N，NO2^--N最少，DIN、3种形态无机氮、无机磷的季节变化趋势也比较一致。除了NH^4＋-N外，唐岛湾网箱养殖对溶解态无机氮磷营养盐（NO3^--N、NO2^--N、DIN、PO4^3--P）的影响并不显著（t-test，P〉0.05），但养殖区内的含量比对照点有了一定程度的升高。以DIN和PO4^3--P作为N、P阈值来分析，目前唐岛湾网箱养殖区的水质未超出二类水质标准。唐岛湾网箱养殖区海水各季节的营养指数E值均小于1，表明养殖区的水质状况尚未达到富营养化水平。