Y型网式过滤器堵塞过程对有机肥浓度的响应研究

为研究水肥一体化设备中用于过滤有机肥的Y型网式过滤器的堵塞规律,对Y型网式过滤器在初始流量500 L/h、水源压力117.6 k Pa下,设置25、30、40、50 g/L共4种黄腐酸钾有机肥肥液质量浓度,进行了过滤器堵塞试验,分析了Y型网式过滤器的局部水头损失与单个滤孔滤网清洁度(单个滤孔有效过水断面面积与孔隙总面积比值) S/S0的关系,并利用XRD分析了过滤器内堵塞物质的成分。结果表明:肥液质量浓度对过滤器滤网清洁度影响显著,建议肥液质量浓度不超过40 g/L;过滤器局部水头损失在S/S0减小到10%后才逐渐开始增大,过滤器局部水头损失与滤网清洁度、肥液质量浓度有关,利用多项式拟合给出了过滤器滤网清洁度与肥液质量浓度、施肥持续时间的关系式及局部水头损失与肥液质量浓度、滤网清洁度的关系式;滤网堵塞物质主要成分为硫酸钙、草酸钙。本研究结果可为水肥一体化设备中过滤器的选择提供理论参考。     

基于自适应滤波算法的树木年轮测量方法

为提高树木年轮测量仪的测量精度,提出了一种自适应低通滤波算法对年轮测量仪的直流电机电流信号进行滤波处理。普通低通滤波算法滤波系数固定,当树木年轮宽度发生变化时,既可能保留了部分噪声信号,又可能滤去部分有效的树木年轮信号,因此降低了年轮测量仪的测量精度。自适应低通滤波算法的滤波系数可随滤波器输入值和输出值的变化自动进行调整,提高了噪声滤除效果,减少了有效信号损失。使用自主研发的年轮测量仪测量了大、中、小3种径阶的60个落叶松圆盘,记录直流电机原始电流信号,分别采用自适应低通滤波算法和普通低通滤波算法对原始电流进行滤波处理,根据滤波后的电流波形图,预估圆盘年龄,并计算2种滤波算法的年轮识别正确率。结果表明,自适应低通滤波器年轮识别正确率的平均值为89. 66%,普通低通滤波器年轮识别正确率的平均值为75. 84%;当平均年轮宽度变窄时,自适应低通滤波器的年轮识别正确率从95. 61%下降到82. 02%,下降了13. 59个百分点,而普通低通滤波器的年轮识别正确率从86. 37%下降到62. 30%,下降了24. 07个百分点。表明自适应低通滤波器年轮识别正确率高,自适应能力强,年轮识别精度稳定。     

饱和度及干密度对弱膨胀土土水特征曲线影响

采用滤纸法测量不同干密度下试样的总吸力与基质吸力,并绘制相应的土水特征曲线,分析饱和度与干密度对土水特征曲线的影响.实验结果表明:在饱和度一定时,总吸力与基质吸力均随干密度的增大而增大;随饱和度增大,不同干密度的总吸力差值和基质吸力差值逐渐减小;另外,试样的排水速率随饱和度的增大而减小,且干密度越大,排水速率越慢.在较低含水率时,试样的总吸力和基质吸力随干密度的增大而增大,随含水率的增大,干密度对总吸力和基质吸力的影响逐渐弱化.     

鸡新城疫-禽流感(H9亚型)二联灭活疫苗(La Sota株+HP株)的灭活试验

为了研究鸡新城疫-禽流感(H9亚型)二联灭活疫苗(La Sota株+HP株)中两种病毒的最佳甲醛灭活浓度和灭活时间,试验选取四种甲醛最终浓度0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%,分别对两种抗原进行灭活,在灭活10 h、12 h、14 h、16 h、18 h、24 h、30 h、36h、42 h分别取样,对每个样品进行灭活检验和血凝价测定。从试验结果得出,新城疫病毒(La Sota株)最适合的甲醛浓度为0.1%,灭活时间为16 h;禽流感病毒(H9亚型HP株)最适合甲醛浓度为0.1%,灭活时间为18 h。     

An Image Reconstruction Fast Algorithm Based on Orthogonal Wavelets Derived from Symmetric Scale Functions

A new image reconstruction algorithm is presented, based on orthogonal wavelets derived from symmetric scale functions. The analysis and practice show that the method lessens greatly the computational time,and improves the reconstruction quality.     

The recovery of maleic hydrazide from processed potato products

Summary A method used for estimating extractable maleic hydrazide (MH) concentrations in fresh potato material, concentration range 5–17 mg kg⁻¹, was found not to be suitable for processed potato products (10–33% recoveries) although, boiling potato pieces enhanced recovery by 20%. Each step of the determination was examined and a modified procedure developed with particular emphasis on the extraction of MH from the dried potato matrix, and the quality of the HPLC column used. Potato slices and model systems based on filter papers plus additives were used. Recoveries from fried potato slices were 74±6%. Based on the effect of glucose in reducing extractable MH recoveries, it is suggested that the remainder of the MH (20–25%) is converted into a conjugated structure on reaction with dehydrated sugar (Diels-Alder reaction).     

The Filtering Character of Hilbert-Huang Transform and Its Application

Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) is a new two-step time-frequency analytic method to analyze the nonlinear and non-stationary signal. The key step of this method is empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method with which any complicated data set can be decompose into a finite and often small number of intrinsic mode functions(IMF). Using Hilbert transform to those IMF components can yield instantaneous frequency, the final presentation of this results is a energy frequency-time distribution, designated as the Hilbert spectrum. Examples from the numerical results of signal de-noising are given to demonstrate the power of this new method, those results can clarity the advance and efficient of this method.     

A computer vision system to analyse the swimming behaviour of farmed fish in commercial aquaculture facilities: A case study using cage-held Atlantic salmon

Knowledge of fish behaviour plays an important role in aquaculture farm management. Video systems are the most common and cost-effective way of observing behaviours in commercial aquaculture operations. However long term observation is not feasible due to a limited ability to analyse footage manually. This paper describes preliminary findings obtained via computer vision software that was developed to automatically analyse fish movement and behaviours in aquaculture sea cages. Results show that the system is capable of detecting fish shapes in video recordings and from these shapes quantifying changes in swimming speed and direction continuously throughout the day. Also variations between days were detected and these may have been associated with the daily shift in the tidal cycle. The system has the potential to act as an alarm to farm operators, informing them about unusual fish behaviours on a continuous, real-time basis. It also has potential to assist in the evaluation of fish welfare.     

基于负压抽滤的畜禽养殖污水过滤试验

降低畜禽养殖污水处理成本是促进养殖业健康发展的重要因素,介质过滤能截留污水中的悬浮性固体,是养殖污水预处理的有效途径之一。其中,以作物秸秆为滤料的自然过滤装置结构简单、能耗低,能有效去除养殖污水中的固体污染物,但仍存在易堵塞、过滤速度慢、秸秆利用率低等问题。对此,该研究提出负压抽滤方案并进行了相关试验:首先通过单因素试验确定了各试验参数的边界条件,再利用二次回归组合试验,优化了负压抽滤的运行参数,试验结果表明当滤层厚度、压实密度、过滤压差分别为10 cm、130 kg/m³、30 kPa时综合过滤效果最佳,此时总固体(total solid,TS)、挥发性固体(volatile solid,VS)、化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)的去除率分别为40.47%、45.07%、13.56%、11.75%;自然过滤和负压抽滤的对比试验表明,相同滤层条件负压抽滤的污水处理量是自然过滤的4倍,而用时仅占自然过滤的1/5,负压抽滤能有效提高过滤速率和秸秆利用率。最后利用厌氧发酵试...     

渔场夜间监控系统图像去噪算法

针对渔场监控系统中夜间监控图像存在大量噪声的情况,分析了图像主要噪声源,并通过仿真试验分析了各种常见的图像去噪算法,在综合考虑图像去噪平滑效果、图像的清晰程度及图像去噪时间复杂度的基础上,提出了将数学形态学方法和中值滤波方法相结合用于数字监控系统的图像去噪算法。通过试验验证了本算法的可行性、实时性和鲁棒性。