花生幼苗内精氨酸脱羧酶的初步研究

花生体内控制多胺生物合成的主要酶是ＡＤＣ，主要定位于代谢活跃的分生组织内。部分纯化（１３倍）的酶最适底物是Ｌ－Ａｒｇ，Ｋｍ值和Ｖｍａｘ依次为０．５６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、０．６６μｌＣＯ２／ｍｇ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ．ｍｉｎ。反应最适ｐＨ和温度为８￣８．５和４０￣４５℃。该酶对热、乙醇、脲稳定性差。０．８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＰＬＰ（磷酸吡哆醛）可提高酶活性２１％，ＤＴＴ（二硫苏糖醇）、ＭＥ（颈基乙醇）提高酶的稳定性，     

Characterization of 11 commercial pyrethroids on the functional attributes of rat brain synaptosomes

The action of 11 commercial pyrethroids on Ca²⁺ influx and glutamate release was assessed using high-throughput functional assays with rat brain synaptosomes to better understand the mechanistic nature of pyrethroid-induced neurotoxicity and aid in the reassessment of pyrethroids in vivo. Concentration-dependent response curves for each of the non-cyano and α-cyano containing pyrethroids were determined and the data used in a cluster analysis. The previously characterized α-cyano pyrethroids that induce the CS-syndrome (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and esfenvalerate) increased Ca²⁺ influx and glutamate release, and clustered with two other α-cyano pyrethroids (β-cyfluthrin and λ-cyhalothrin) that shared these same actions. Previously characterized T-syndrome pyrethroids (bioallethrin, cismethrin, and fenpropathrin) did not share these actions and clustered with two other non-cyano pyrethroids (tefluthrin and bifenthrin) that likewise did not elicit these actions. Our current findings indicate that pyrethroids that have an α-cyano group (with the exception of fenpropathrin) were more potent enhancers of Ca²⁺ influx and glutamate release under depolarizing conditions than pyrethroids that did not possess this functional group. The collective data set does not support the hypothesis that pyrethroids, as a class, act in a similar fashion at presynaptic nerve terminals.     

分子证据表明苏拉威西岛特有鸟种苏拉山鸫(Geomalia heinrichi)属于地鸫属(Zoothera)(鸫科,鸟纲)(英文)

苏拉威西地区特有鸟种苏拉山鸫(Geomalia heinrichi)的分类地位,是属于画眉科还是鸫科,长期以来一直备受争议。基于线粒体细胞色素 b 基因、细胞核肌红蛋白内含子 2 以及鸟氨酸脱羧酶内含子 6–7 基因,我们估计了鸫科 43 个分类群的系统发育关系。结果表明,苏拉山鸫是地鸫属的一个分支,并具有较高的支持率。我们建议将 Geomalia 并入地鸫属(Zoothera),并命名为 Zoothera heinrichi。     

Molecular approaches for enhancing sweetness in fruits and vegetables

The quality of fruits and vegetables is mainly dependant on the sweetness determined by the level of soluble sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose. Other fruit quality parameters include Brix content, acidity, aroma, color, size and shape. Total sugar content in fruits and vegetables is a function of genetic, nutritional, environmental and developmental factors. Understanding the factors controlling sweetness is important to design strategies for enhancing quality of fruits and vegetables. Modifying the activity of enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism such as sucrose synthase (SuSy), acid invertase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose transporters were found to influence carbohydrate partitioning and sucrose accumulation in sink tissues of several food crops. Plant based taste-modifying sweet proteins such as brazzein, cucurmin, mabinlin, monellin, miraculin, neoculin and thaumatin have potential application for developing transgenic plants to improve the sweetness and quality of fruits and vegetables. The present review envisages various cultural, breeding and molecular approaches used for enhancing sugar content and sweetness in fruits and vegetables.     

嗜热链球菌对瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳后酸化的影响

瑞士乳杆菌是潜在的功能发酵乳发酵剂,为改善瑞士乳杆菌的发酵特性,使用嗜热链球菌配合瑞士乳杆菌用于发酵乳制备。结果表明：嗜热链球菌与瑞士乳杆菌混合发酵将凝乳时间缩短了3.5 h,黏度提高了1.8 倍,改善了乳清析出和质构;嗜热链球菌的使用有效减弱了发酵乳的后酸化,贮藏20 d发酵乳的pH值仍大于4.2。为研究这一现象的原因,测定发酵乳中的活菌数、乳糖消耗量、谷氨酸脱羧酶和β-半乳糖苷酶活性,结果表明,混合发酵乳贮藏期间具有较低的谷氨酸脱羧酶和β-半乳糖苷酶活性,乳糖利用量较低,这是后酸化减弱的主要原因。与嗜     

编码酿酒酵母丙酮酸脱羧酶(Pdc6)基因克隆及其生物信息学分析

旨在从生物信息学角度更好地研究酿酒酵母丙酮酸脱羧酶(Pdc6)的结构和功能,克隆酿酒酵母H5的丙酮酸脱羧酶基因pdc6.利用Primer 5.0软件设计1对20 bp引物,以H5基因组DNA为模板克隆获得pdc6,并利用生物信息学分析方法对其序列进行验证及分析.该序列长度为1692 bp,无碱基缺失,且该基因具有完整的...     

饲料牛磺酸含量对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、TauT mRNA表达量及牛磺酸合成关键酶活性的影响

为探讨饲料牛磺酸含量对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、TauT mRNA表达量及牛磺酸合成关键酶(CSD和CDO)活性的影响,实验在以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源的基础饲料(0DT)中分别添加0.5%(0.5DT)、1.0%(1.0DT)、1.5%(1.5DT)的牛磺酸,配制成4种不同牛磺酸含量的饲料。将平均体质量为(13.85±0.25) g的320尾斜带石斑鱼幼鱼随机分为4组,每组4个循环水族箱,每箱放养20尾鱼,每组分别投喂一种相同实验饲料,每天定时投喂实验饲料至表观饱食状态,实验为期84 d。结果显示,在0DT饲料中补充外源牛磺酸能显著提高饲料效率、摄食率、增重率和全鱼粗蛋白含量,而显著降低肝体比和全鱼粗脂肪含量。组织中肝脏、肌肉、肠道TauT mRNA表达量在1.0DT组时达到最大值,且显著高于其他各组,当饲料牛磺酸含量继续增加至1.5DT组时明显降低,但仍显著高于0DT和1.0DT组。斜带石斑鱼幼鱼血浆、肝脏、肠道和肌肉中牛磺酸含量与饲料牛磺酸含量之间呈正相关。饲料中补充外源牛磺酸能够显著降低肝脏、肌肉中CSD活性,同时降低血浆、肝脏、肠道和肌肉中CDO活性,但对血浆CSD活性无显著影响。研究表明,饲料中补充外源牛磺酸能够明显促进斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长,增加鱼体蛋白沉积,同时降低鱼体脂肪沉积,上调组织中TauT mRNA表达水平及提高牛磺酸蓄积,降低牛磺酸合成关键酶活性。研究表明,以增重率为目标,通过二次多项式回归分析,饲料中牛磺酸的适宜含量为0.92%。     

多胺跨膜物质转运的机制

多胺具有调控细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的功能,可参与动物繁殖、胚胎发育以及癌症发生发展等多种生物学过程。在动物机体中,多胺稳态是通过多胺跨膜物质转运和多胺代谢途径共同维持的。溶质转运蛋白(SLC)基因家族中的SLC3A2、SLC7A1、SLC12A8、SLC22A16、SLC22A 1、SLC22A 2、SLC22A 3基因及其编码的蛋白质可参与多胺的跨膜物质转运;多胺代谢关键调控基因鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶(OAZ)和鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶抑制剂(AZIN)对多胺跨膜物质转运也具有重要的调控功能;此外,金属阳离子、细胞膜跨膜电位和p H等内环境因素也可参与多胺转运的调节。因此,本文就多胺转运蛋白、多胺代谢相关基因和蛋白质以及内环境因素调控多胺跨膜物质转运的分子调控机制作一综述,以期为阐明多胺转运调控机制的研究奠定理论基础。