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111.
家蚕后部丝腺转氨酶活性及其与茧质性状关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
彭卫平  汪萍 《蚕业科学》1996,22(3):175-178
采用酶学速率法分析了8个家蚕品种末龄第3、5、7日后部丝腺谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)活力和比活力。少丝量品种末龄GPT、GOT比活力随末龄发育逐渐升高,多丝量品种GPT比活力随末龄发育而不断下降,而GOT比活力一直较高或略有升高。GPT、GOT比活力与茧层率、茧层量、全茧量的遗传相关,末龄第3天为显著正相关,第5天相关不显著,第7天为极显著负相关。GOT、GPT比活力遗传力分别达87.44%、80.4%,可作为产丝量选择的重要生化指标。  相似文献   
112.
【目的】为明确S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶(SAMDC)在非呼吸跃变型草莓果实成熟中的作用。【方法】以‘北农香’草莓果实为试验材料,首先通过RT-PCR克隆FaSAMDC基因,其次通过SqRT-PCR分析发育果实(小绿、大绿、褪绿、白果、片红、全红)中的FaSAMDC基因的表达量。【结果】结果表明,FaSAMDC基因含有1 116bp开放阅读框,编码371个氨基酸,含有典型的脱羧酶保守功能结构域。随着草莓的果实发育,FaSAMDC表达量呈明显下降趋势并且在白果时期达到最低值,此后随着果实着色,表达量迅速上升并且成熟期达到最高。【结论】以上研究结果证实,S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶可能参与草莓果实的成熟调控。  相似文献   
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114.
In C3 plants, photosynthetic efficiency is reduced by photorespiration. A part of CO2 fixed during photosynthesis in chloroplasts is lost from mitochondria during photorespiration by decarboxylation of glycine by glycine decarboxylase (GDC). Thus, the intracellular position of mitochondria in photosynthetic cells is critical to the rate of photorespiratory CO2 loss. We investigated the intracellular position of mitochondria in parenchyma sheath (PS) and mesophyll cells of 10 C3 grasses from 3 subfamilies (Ehrhartoideae, Panicoideae, and Pooideae) by immunostaining for GDC and light and electron microscopic observation. Immunostaining suggested that many mitochondria were located in the inner half of PS cells and on the vacuole side of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells. Organelle quantification showed that 62–75% of PS mitochondria were located in the inner half of cells, and 62–78% of PS chloroplasts were in the outer half. In mesophyll cells, 61–92% of mitochondria were positioned on the vacuole side of chloroplasts and stromules. In PS cells, such location would reduce the loss of photorespiratory CO2 by lengthening the path of CO2 diffusion and allow more efficient fixation of CO2 from intercellular spaces. In mesophyll cells, it would facilitate scavenging by chloroplasts of photorespiratory CO2 released from mitochondria. Our data suggest that the PS cells of C3 grasses have already acquired an initial structure leading to proto-Kranz and further C3–C4 intermediate anatomy. We also found that in the Pooideae, organelle positioning in PS cells on the phloem side resembles that in mesophyll cells.  相似文献   
115.
    
Glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) are acidic amino acids with regulatory roles in nutrition, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-protein diets supplemented with Glu and Asp on the intestinal barrier function and energy metabolism in weaned piglets challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Forty piglets were randomly divided into 5 groups: NC, PC, PGA, PG, and PA (n = 8 for each group). Pigs in the NC and PC groups were fed a low-protein diet, while pigs in the PGA, PG, or PA groups were fed the low-protein diet supplemented with 2.0% Glu +1.0% Asp, 2.0% Glu, or 1.0% Asp, respectively. On day 8 and 11, pigs in the NC group were intraperitoneally injected with saline (1 mL/kg BW), while pigs in the other groups were intraperitoneally administered 10% H2O2 (1 mL/kg BW). On day 14, all pigs were sacrificed to collect jejunum and ileum following the blood sample collection in the morning. Notably, low-protein diets supplemented with Glu or Asp ameliorated the intestinal oxidative stress response in H2O2-challenged piglets by decreasing intestinal expression of genes (P < 0.05) (e.g., manganese superoxide dismutase [MnSOD], glutathione peroxidase [Gpx]-1, and Gpx-4) encoding oxidative stress-associated proteins, reducing the serum concentration of diamine oxidase (P < 0.05), and inhibiting apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium. Glu and Asp supplementation attenuated the upregulated expression of energy metabolism-associated genes (such as hexokinase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1) and the H2O2-induced activation of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in the jejunum and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase–acetyl-ACC signaling in the ileum. Dietary Glu and Asp also ameliorated intestinal barrier damage as indicated by restored intestinal histology and morphology. In conclusion, low-protein diets supplemented with Glu and Asp protected against oxidative stress-induced intestinal dysfunction in piglets, suggesting that this approach could be used as a nutritional regulatory protectant against oxidative stress.  相似文献   
116.
Growth of the secretory epithelium during prepartum time, and for a short period after calving, is under hormonal control by estrogen, progesterone and prolactin. The mechanism(s) by which these hormones act is not known but colostrum and milk have been shown to contain different growth promoting substances. In an attempt to unravel these relationships the effect of bovine colostrum on cellular proliferation in vitro have been characterized. Colostral thermostable factors not present in milk nor associated with fat, potently induce the proliferation associated enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase, in fibroblast cell lines. However, mammary epithelial cells appear to proliferate in response to different colostral heat sensitive factor(s) that await further characterization.  相似文献   
117.
Free amino acids composition and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamine synthetase (GS) levels were evaluated in fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum genotypes having standard (cv. Caimanta) and altered (nor and rin mutants) ripening characteristics. Two accessions of the wild L. esculentum var. cerasiforme (LA1385 and LA1673) were also assayed. Shelf-life (SL) of these fruits ranged from 12 (cv. Caimanta) to 36 (nor mutant) days. The relative glutamate content (as percentage of total free amino acid content) of ripe mature fruits differed considerably among lines, having cv. Caimanta and the nor mutant the highest and the lowest values, respectively. A negative correlation between the relative glutamate content and fruit SL was also found. In the standard ripening cv. Caimanta, GS was principally present in green mature fruits while GDH was found in ripe mature fruits. In the other lines, GS and GDH were detected at both maturation stages. Summarizing, standard SL correlates with higher relative glutamate content and reciprocal induction pattern of GS and GDH, while long SL is associated with lower relative glutamate content and simultaneous presence of both enzymes in the pericarp of tomato fruits. These data suggest that the regulation of the level of glutamate, GS and GDH during fruit ripening is related to the final SL of fruits.  相似文献   
118.
乳酸片球菌产谷氨酸脱羧酶的相关酶学性质研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究乳酸片球菌谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)的性质,采用比色法测其酶活。结果表明:当底物L-MSG的浓度为100 mmol.L-1时,GAD的活力达到最大。GAD的浓度为3.16%,最适温度为37℃,最适pH为5.0,PLP浓度为0.1 mo.lL-1时,GAD酶活力最大。Mg2+和Mn2+使GAD活力提高10%左右,KCl...  相似文献   
119.
为明确过量施氮条件下水稻冠层叶色的变化动态及其内在生理机制,在水培条件下,整个生育期维持80mg/L氮素浓度,同步测定水稻地上部不同叶位叶片的SPAD值和氮代谢关键酶活性的变化。结果表明,在氮素过量条件下,顶一叶、顶二叶SPAD值与其当周谷氨酸合成酶活性均呈显著正相关,顶三叶、顶四叶SPAD值与其当周谷氨酰胺合成酶活性分别呈极显著、显著正相关。  相似文献   
120.
An effective colonization of the host plant tissue by the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum requires the secretion of the non-host specific toxin oxalic acid (OA), which is known to suppress the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). A full-length cDNA coding for an oxalate decarboxylase (TOXDC), which converts OA into CO2 and formate, was isolated from the basidiomycete Trametes versicolor. It was overexpressed in tobacco plants to study the role of ROI and OA in the interaction between tobacco and S. sclerotiorum. The transgenic plants contained less OA and showed a delayed colonization of S. sclerotiorum; furthermore a strong ROI accumulation and nearly no catalase activity compared to the wild type (WT) plants could be detected. In addition, inoculation experiments with transgenic catalase-deficient plants (CAT1AS) and in vitro studies showed that S. sclerotiorum copes with strong ROI stress. Our results indicate that OA supports the infection process caused by S. sclerotiorum and the fungus itself is able to tolerate high ROI concentrations. The nucleotide sequence data is available from the NCBI Genbank nucleotide-sequence database under the number AY370675  相似文献   
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