利用间歇浸没式生物反应器进行果蔗组培快繁

以果蔗(Badila)茎尖脱毒组培苗为材料,利用间歇浸没式生物反应器(Temporary immersion bioreactors TIBs)进行组培快繁的技术体系的研究。结果表明:(1)使用TIBs系统进行甘蔗组织培养一代增殖较传统方法高出10倍以上;(2)TIBs系统以第4代继代材料为宜;(3)接种密度在10～15株/L培养基最有利于甘蔗组培苗的增殖和生长;(4)TIBs系统中6-BA浓度为0.5～1.0mg/L时适合于增殖培养,NAA浓度为4mg/L时有利于根的诱导;(5)浸没间歇频率在1min/3h时增殖和生长表现较为优异,1min/6h时有利于根的诱导和根的生长。     

当归优质高效栽培技术

介绍了当归育苗、施肥、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治等栽培技术,以指导当归大田生产.     

稻田放养满江红对蚊虫孳生影响的初步观察

实验室笼内研究表明,容器水面覆盖细绿萍可阻止库蚊在其中产卵,但对中华按蚊产卵无显著作用。1987年在湖南桂东县对放养细绿萍的稻田观察结果,库蚊(主要是三带喙库蚊)幼虫密度明显比对照田为低,而且随着覆盖面积比例扩大而下降率愈大,当覆盖面积达到95％时,平均下降率达78.96％,但对按蚊幼虫密度下降率甚微,这与实验室观察结果相符。在桂东县,养萍稻田每亩可收鲜萍1500-2000公斤,可用作禽畜饲料或其他作物基肥。养萍稻田也可使稻谷增产8％左右。由于养萍既可减少库蚊幼虫孳生,也有较好的经济效益,是在稻田蚊虫综合治理中值得采用的方法之一。     

模拟降水量对毛乌素沙柳幼苗蒸发蒸腾的潜在影响

选择毛乌素沙地优势灌木沙柳为对象,研究157.5、315、472.5和630 mm 4种人控年降水量,对沙柳幼苗蒸发蒸腾作用的影响.结果表明,沙柳蒸发蒸腾量随着降水量的增加而逐渐增大,从157.5 mm增至630 mm,日蒸散量分别为1.63、3.11、4.37和5.66 mm,其中沙地蒸发量占主要部分.少量降水时,幼苗蒸腾速率明显呈现"午睡”现象,而充足降水则能消除"午睡”现象.相关分析结果表明,环境因子,如沙地含水率、太阳有效辐射、大气温度和饱和水汽压差,以及植物因素,如叶面积指数、叶片温度和气孔导度等,均能显著影响沙柳的蒸腾作用.     

皂荚提取物对植物病原菌的抑制作用

 豆科植物皂荚是一种传统药用植物,为我国特有种。本文在室内测定了皂荚叶和棘刺乙醇提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、胡萝卜软腐欧文氏杆菌、番茄疮痂病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、番茄叶霉病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、瓜果腐霉的抑制作用。叶提取物未检测出抗菌活性。棘刺提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌和番茄疮痂病菌都表现出一定的抗菌活性,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为2.5 mg/mL和10 mg/mL。棘刺乙醇提取物在浓度为1 mg/mL时,对4种植物病原真菌的生长都表现出抑制活性,其中对瓜果腐霉生长的抑制率为28.4%。将棘刺乙醇提取物分为石油醚等5个极性不同的萃取部分,其中乙酸乙酯部分对枯草芽孢杆菌、番茄疮痂病菌、欧文氏杆菌都具有明显的抑制作用,且活性强于其它的极性段,对枯草芽孢杆菌和番茄疮痂病菌的MIC分别为1.25 mg/mL和5 mg/mL。乙酸乙酯部分对瓜果腐霉和棉花枯萎病菌的生长也有较强的抑制作用,在1mg/mL时抑制率分别为45.8%和23.9%。研究结果表明,皂英抗菌活性成分主要存在于棘刺中的乙酸乙酯极性段和正丁醇极性段中。     

棉花幼苗侧根发生的化学诱导研究 Ⅲ.Ca~(2+)对棉花幼苗侧根发生和根系IAA含量的影响研究初报

清水或 DPC 200ppm 溶液浸种培养的棉花幼苗在移栽时用含 Ca~(2+)30ppm 的 CaCl_2溶液漫根2小时处理,栽后8天观察发现,两种浸种方式,Ca~(2+)均能促进棉苗侧根的发生,并提高根系 IAA 含量。但 Ca~(2+)处理 DPC 降低根对棉酚含量的效应无明显影响。上述试验结果显示出 Ca~(2+)与诱导棉苗侧根发生和调节根系 IAA 水平之间存在着某些内在的联系,这可能涉及到 Ca~(2+)·CaM系统(胞内第二信使系统)与植物激素效应之间的关系。     

玉树州冬虫夏草资源与分布

调查表明，玉树州冬虫夏草年产量高达180t，主要分布在玉树、杂多、治多、曲麻菜、囊谦和称多等地；海拔分布范围为4100—5000m；生态地理分布受产地植被类型、温湿度和土壤等因素的影响。     

圈养扬子鳄繁殖能力的探查

为了探查扬子鳄人工种群的繁殖能力,对1996~2005年安徽省扬子鳄繁殖研究中心的亲本鳄和子一代鳄繁殖情况进行观察和研究。经过对其繁殖参数的统计分析,得出亲本鳄与子一代鳄在卵的短径和重量、窝卵数、卵受精率和孵化率、出壳一周内雏鳄的死亡率以及雏鳄生长量方面无显著性差异,即子一代鳄的繁殖能力与亲本鳄的相同。该结果表明目前圈养扬子鳄的繁殖能力尚未降低。     

Armillaria species on tea in Kenya identified using isozyme and DNA sequence comparisons

The aim of this study was to identify seven Armillaria isolates obtained from diseased tea bushes in Kenya using pectic enzyme profiles, PCR-RFLP and IGS-I DNA sequence data. The combination of these identification methods confirmed the presence of three distinct Armillaria groups. One of these groups resembled Zimbabwean group I ( A. fuscipes ). The second group was phylogenetically closely related to A. mellea ssp. nipponica . The third group was different from all other African isolates examined, but had isozyme patterns, especially of pectin methylesterases (PMEs), similar to those of isolates related to A. mellea ssp. nipponica. Analyses of sequence data suggested that this group is phylogenetically closely related to A. hinnulea from Australia and New Zealand.     

Effect of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection of sweet oranges by Asiatic citrus canker

Asiatic citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas smithii ssp. citri , formerly X. axonopodis pv. citri , is one of the most serious phytosanitary problems in Brazilian citrus crops. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to assess the influence of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection and subsequent symptom development of citrus canker in sweet orange cvs Hamlin, Natal, Pera and Valencia. The quantified variables were incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, mean lesion density and mean lesion size at temperatures of 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 42°C, and leaf wetness durations of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. Symptoms did not develop at 42°C. A generalized beta function showed a good fit to the temperature data, severity being highest in the range 30–35°C. The relationship between citrus canker severity and leaf wetness duration was explained by a monomolecular model, with the greatest severity occurring at 24 h of leaf wetness, with 4 h of wetness being the minimum duration sufficient to cause 100% incidence at optimal temperatures of 25–35°C. Mean lesion density behaved similarly to disease severity in relation to temperature variation and leaf wetness duration. A combined monomolecular-beta generalized model fitted disease severity, mean lesion density or lesion size as a function of both temperature and duration of leaf wetness. The estimated minimum and maximum temperatures for the occurrence of disease were 12°C and 40°C, respectively.