小麦穗发芽抗性相关Vp1基因启动子的分离及功能验证

成熟期穗发芽严重影响小麦产量和品质。Vp1是调节胚发育, 促进胚成熟和休眠的重要转录因子, 对小麦种子休眠和穗发芽抗性具有重要作用。本研究分离了普通小麦B基因组Vp1基因的启动子, 生物信息学预测结果表明, 其含有9个脱落酸响应元件ABRE、2个DREB和6个MYB干旱响应元件、3个赤霉素响应元件GARE、1个水杨酸响应元件TCA-E、2个茉莉酸甲酯响应元件TGACG-motif、4个SKn-1和1个RYREPE胚乳特异表达元件。采用5′端缺失的方法, 构建了系列含Vp1启动子不同区段融合GUS报告基因的瞬时表达载体和植物表达载体。通过基因枪转化小麦愈伤组织, 瞬时表达结果显示, Vp1启动子在无诱导的情况下不能启动GUS基因表达, 在低温、ABA、GA、PEG和NaCl诱导后可以启动GUS基因表达, 表现诱导表达特性, 且其诱导表达强度随启动子缺失片段长度变短而减弱。利用Gateway方法成功构建了6个启动子各缺失片段类型的植物表达载体, 并通过农杆菌介导转化四倍体小麦Stewart, 获得转基因植株。该启动子可有效启动GUS基因在转基因植株的花药、糊粉层、穗轴及根中表达, 其他组织中没有表达。当启动子片段大于660 bp时, 外源ABA可诱导启动子启动GUS基因在转基因植株茎节中的表达。     

A non-ACC pathway for ethylene biosynthesis in Botrytis cinerea

Premature softening and tissue senescence occur in kiwifruit infected with Botrytis cinerea. While ethylene production is enhanced in infected fruit and B. cinerea produces ethylene on defined media in vitro the source of ethylene in this pathosystem is unclear. Ethylene production by B. cinerea was enhanced when methionine or ∝-keto-methylthiobutyric acid (KMBA) was added to a defined (modified Pratts) medium. Although 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) did not stimulate ethylene production, ∝-aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) was inhibitory suggesting a role for a pyridoxal phosphate mediated enzyme reaction down stream from the methionine/KMBA stimulated ethylene biosynthetic pathway. Cobalt chloride (Co²⁺) was inhibitory, but after a 4-d lag period ethylene production from B. cinerea cultures containing methionine and Co²⁺ reached the same level as those without Co²⁺. [U ¹⁴C] methionine was converted to ¹⁴C-ethylene with high efficiency indicating that it is a direct precursor, while [2,3 ¹⁴C]-ACC did not yield radioactively labelled ethylene. These results suggest that the ethylene biosynthetic pathway in B. cinerea does not involve ACC as a precursor and that the enzyme responsible for synthesising ethylene is similar to, but different from, ACC oxidase from higher plants. The ethylene biosynthetic pathway in B. cinerea is yet to be determined.     

水稻内稃扭曲突变体palea distortion 1(pd1)的鉴定与基因定位

在对籼稻缙恢10进行EMS(ethyl methane sulfonate)处理后的群体中,发现一个花器官突变体,主要表现为内稃扭曲并呈现外稃化特征,浆片数目增加且呈现稃状特征,雄蕊数目减少至1～4个,部分雄蕊的花丝呈现浆片化特征,暂将其命名为水稻颖壳扭曲突变体palea distortion 1(pd1)。遗传分析表明该突变性状受一个隐形单基因控制。利用群体分离分析法(bulked segregation analysis,BSA),将PD1基因定位在第2染色体的RM13693和RM13936之间,遗传距离分别为3.25cM和3.90cM。该研究结果为PD1基因的图位克隆奠定了基础。     

一个新的水稻窄叶突变体的遗传分析和基因定位

水稻叶片形态相关突变体是水稻功能基因组学研究和株型改良的重要材料.本研究以新的窄叶突变体MR11为研究材料,发现该突变体在整个生育期表现为窄叶、叶长变短和植株矮化.叶片组织结构观察发现由于叶脉数减少和叶脉问宽度减小,导致突变体倒二叶叶片宽度不及野牛型的1/2.F2和BC1F1两个群体分离结果表明该窄叶突变体表型受一对隐...     

水稻Os NAD-ME1的克隆、预测及逆境下的表达分析

植物中的苹果酸酶能够参与光合作用、呼吸作用和脂类生成等多种重要的代谢途径,而且与植物的逆境防御有着密切的关系.为研究水稻中一个苹果酸酶基因(Os NA D-ME1,Gene ID:4343294)的基本特征及其与逆境间的响应关系,克隆得到该基因的cDNA片段,应用生物信息学对其序列进行分析及预测,并运用Northern...     

1-MCP对青脆李亚低温贮藏期间生理生化及品质的影响

以四川茂县青脆李为试材,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对亚低温(8±0.5℃)条件下青脆李的生理生化及其贮藏期间果实品质变化的影响。结果表明:1-MCP处理可显著抑制青脆李果实的呼吸作用和乙烯的释放速率,并降低两者的峰值;可保持果实细胞膜的完整性,降低PPO活性和酚类物质的消耗,减少褐变。其中以1.0μL.L-1浓度的1-MCP处理能够更有效地保持果实的质地与风味,亚低温条件下贮藏28 d,褐变指数为0,腐烂指数为5.3,显著好于对照和其他浓度的1-MCP处理,延长果实保鲜期达到20 d。     

Effect of cooling rate on high temperature mechanical properties of weathering steel

High temperature mechanical properties are key factors which affect fracture production during deforming process of continuous casting. High temperature properties of weathering steel Q450NQR1 are tested in 3 cooling rates (1.65, 5, 10 ℃/s) using Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator. Specimens appear austenite dynamic recrystallization at 1 050 ℃, and the ductility reaches the lowest point and the reduction of area approaches 23% at 850 ℃ in 3 cooling rates. As the cooling rate increases, the low ductility area where cracks are easy to be produced in slabs is enlarged and extended towards low temperature, and the ductility troughs are deepened. The increase of the cooling rate decreases the tensile stress and yield stress, while when the cooling rate increases to some degree, it doesn’t affect the stress. The low cooling rate decreases the film or network ferrite producing in austenite grain boundary, and the carbonitride of microalloy is enwrapped in matrix, which is helpful to improve the ductility of steel.     

龙薯1号脱毒甘薯种苗繁育体系与综合配套高产栽培技术研究

为了充分发挥甘薯新品种龙薯一号的优良种性,加快新品种的推广步伐,通过建立脱毒繁育技术体系及综合配套高产栽培技术等措施,可较大幅度提高产量及改善品质,2001年至今在南方薯区试种、示范15.85hm2,社会经济效益显著。     

ERF转录因子StERF1的生物信息学分析

从生物信息资源中寻找有重要功能的新ERF基因,命名为StERF1,用生物信息学方法对其主要理化性质和功能进行分析预测,为下一步的试验策略提供参考。StERF1编码一个由247个氨基酸组成的相对分子质量为27203.9的蛋白质,该蛋白具有一个由58个氨基酸残基组成的保守ERF结构域(112～169),在N端有一个可能起激活作用的酸性结构域,在C端有一个可能作为核定位信号(NLS)的碱性结构域,它可以结合GCC-box顺式作用元件,推测StERF1是一个定位在核内发挥转录激活作用的ERF转录因子。它可能在调控植物乙烯信号途径、生物胁迫或非生物胁迫应答过程发挥重要作用。