天津绒毛白蜡的引种试验

通过在东港市对天津绒毛白蜡进行引种试验,结果表明,采用2年生苗造林,成活率达到95%,保存率85%以上,采用5生苗造林,成活率达到90%左右,保存率80%以上;绒毛白蜡抗逆性极强,在土壤含盐量0.2%~0.38%的立地条件下,都能正常生长,对长期积水的水湿地,不但能保持较高的成活率,也能保持良好的生长状态。与柳树、榆树相比,绒毛白蜡生长表现略优,是东港市引种比较成功的抗性强的理想树种。     

对节白蜡资源开发综合利用价值与展望

对节白蜡为我国第二批公布的珍稀濒危植物种，它仅分布于大洪山南麓，即湖北京山县与钟祥市的接壤地带，成为该地区特有的植被类型和建群种。该新种材质优良，前期生长快，萌芽力强，耐修剪，扦插繁殖容易，是用材林（特别是高级家具及农村小径用材）、薪炭材林、水源涵养林的优良造林树种，是高等盆景素材，亦是优美的园林绿化树种，还可供饲养白蜡虫。     

水曲柳种子园花粉飞散规律研究

[目的]研究影响水曲柳花粉成熟和飞散的关键因素,揭示花粉飞散规律,为水曲柳种子园的设计及升级改造提供依据.[方法]通过对苇河林业局青山林场水曲柳种子园进行初步研究,对水曲柳开花期间花粉在时间和空间分布,水平和垂直分布,及花粉的飞散规律进行观测研究.[结果]园内雄花于5月10日开始散粉,散粉期从5月10～15日,花粉浓度的时间和空间变化以及水平和垂直分布与环境因素有密切关系.花粉浓度的最大值（4 737粒）在9：00～ 15：00.[结论]影响花粉飞散的因素中,环境因子（风速、温度、相对湿度、风向）起主要作用.影响花粉量大小的因素中,温度占主导地位.     

新疆伊犁河岸小叶白蜡复叶构件的表型可塑性1）

小叶白蜡为奇数羽状复叶,常由5～13片小叶组成。通过大样本取样测量,分析了不同小叶数复叶的表型可塑性及其各构件大小之间的关系。结果表明：小叶白蜡叶轴长和复叶长在不同复叶之间的可塑性较大,其差异大多数均达到了显著水平（ p＜0．05）,而在各复叶内的可塑性较小,其变异系数均小于10％;小叶长和小叶宽在不同复叶之间的可塑性较小,其差异大多数均不显著,而在各复叶内的可塑性较大,其变异系数均大于20％。复叶长与叶轴长、复叶长与复叶宽均为对数函数或指数函数的异速生长型,小叶长与小叶宽既有幂函数关系的异速生长型,又有直线关系的同速生长型,各构件在复叶生长过程中的相对生长快慢可通过各函数的性质反映。     

白蜡树与紫丁香属间高杆劈接试验

笔者在木犀科白蜡属与丁香属之间进行白蜡树与紫丁香的高杆劈接试验,平均嫁接成活率为88.8%,最高达96.4%,嫁接后经济效益明显提高。通过生长指标与接口径级的方差分析,表明这些指标是白蜡树高接紫丁香的关键因素;各生长指标的多重比较分析,表明苗高123.10 cm,地径3.75 cm,接口粗度2.43 cm以上的白蜡树是质量最佳的砧木,且当年紫丁香的分枝量可以增加到4.7条,达到市场对嫁接苗树形饱满度的要求;紫丁香的树冠分枝量与白蜡树的接口粗度和地径之间存在幂函数Yi=A+XBi的回归关系,其相关系数为0.911和0.925,相关性显著,可靠性高达0.999.旨在为白蜡和紫丁香的推广拓展了更大的分布空间。     

湖北京山对节白蜡自然保护区种子植物区系研究

通过对京山对节白蜡自然保护区进行野外调查及文献检索,分析其植物物种组成和区系地理成分.结果显示：保护区共有种子植物133科496属939种.区系组成中,在科的层次上,Compositae为保护区内含植物种类数最多的科;在属的层次上,Polygonum为含植物种数最多的属,种的层次上,Fraxinus hupehensis为保护区内绝对优势植物,分布范围极其广泛,从保护区的最低海拔到最高海拔均有分布,并多区域形成群落.初步探讨了该地区植物区系的性质：区系成分具有复杂性和多样性,拥有中国种子植物分布区类型科级水平的12个类型,属级水平的15个类型,各类热带成分共164属,占总属数的37.44％;各类温带分布类型（不包括中国特有分布）共264属,占总属数的60.27％,植物区系偏重于温带性质,具有亚热带向温带过渡的特点.保护区内特有性较突出,有中国特有分布有10属,特别是大洪山南麓区域特有种—Fraxinus hupehensis分布范围极其狭窄,仅分布于京山县和钟祥市接壤的大洪山余脉伸入部分形成的低山高丘类型地区.     

Genetic variation in dieback resistance: growth and survival of Fraxinus excelsior under the influence of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus

The invasive fungal pathogen, Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus V. Queloz, has decimated stands of Fraxinus excelsior L. over most of the species' natural distribution area. We assessed crown damage from 2009 to 2014 (at ages 8, 11 and 13) in 43 open-pollinated ash families planted in north-eastern Zealand, Denmark, and confirmed the presence of substantial genetic variation in ash dieback susceptibility. The average crown damage increased in the trial from 61% in 2009 to 66% in 2012 and 72% in 2014, while the estimated heritability was 0.42 in both 2009 and 2012 but increased to 0.53 in 2014. Genetic correlation between assessments was 0.88 between 2009 and 2012 and 0.91 between 2009 and 2014, suggesting fairly good possibilities for early selection of superior genotypes in the presence of high infection levels in the trial. The level of crown damage had strong negative effect on growth and survival. Only 34% of the trees with high levels of damage in 2009 were still alive in 2014, emphasising that high susceptibility is associated with low fitness.     

冰冻条件下两种外源植物凝集素对水曲柳幼叶叶绿体外膜的影响

水曲柳是我国东北林区重要的造林树种。在其幼叶展开期间经常受到霜浆的危害，如何提高其幼叶的低温抗性对于延长其生长期具有重要的实际意义。从水曲柳幼叶中分离完整叶绿体，然后使具有半乳糖专一性的花生凝集素和大豆凝集素结合至水曲柳叶绿体外膜，此后经－10℃冰冻处理3h，经测试，它们对外膜膜脂的流动性的影响不同。大豆凝集素的 疏水性小于花生北集素的疏水性。大豆凝集素降低了膜脂酰基链和甘油主链的流动性，而花生凝集素则增强了这两个部位的流动性，这与它们的疏水性大小相关。这表明花生凝集素能在冰冻条件下增加水风柳叶的叶绿体外被膜的流动性。     

外源水杨酸对水曲柳幼苗遭受冷害后抗光氧化能力的影响Ⅱ. 对抗氧化剂含量的影响

在植物的抗为氧化过程中除了抗氧化酶起作用外，抗氧化剂也起着重要作用。在植物所有抗氧化剂中，抗坏血酸（AsA)和谷胱革肽（GSH）最重要。外源水杨酸（SA）处理水曲柳（Fraxinus manshurica)幼苗叶片，同时增加了AsA和脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）的含量，使叶片中总抗坏血酸含量增加，这有利于水曲柳叶片抵抗光氧化胁迫。外源SA处理却使GSH含量降低，从而GSH在总谷胱甘肽中的比例降低。由于外源SA处理增加了过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，从而使叶片中H2O2含量降低。众多因素的影响叶片中丙二醛（MDA）含量降低，表明了外源SA处理使膜脂过氧化降低，保护了叶片不受光氧化胁迫的伤害。     

Leaf litter selection by detritivore and geophagous earthworms

Summary Litterbag experiments with 10 different kinds of leaf litter showed that detritivore (Lumbricus species) and geophagous (Aporrectodea species) earthworms prefer certain litter types over others, since different numbers of worms were found below the litter after 50–52 days of exposure in a pasture. The detritivores preferred Fraxinus, Tilia, and predecomposed Ulmus and Fagus litter to Fagus litter and paper, while geophages preferred Tilia litter to Alnus and Ulmus litter, so that the two groups of earthworms showed different preferences. The detritivores seemed to be more selective than the geophages. The palatability of the litter was examined in relation to the C: N ratio, the lignin concentration and the initial and final polyphenol concentration. The numbers of detritivores were significantly correlated with the C: N ratio and the final polyphenol concentration, so that selection of litter seems to be related to palatability. The numbers of geophages were not significantly correlated with any of the parameters for palatability. The disappearance of litter after 50–52 days appeared to be due to detritivore activity, since the numbers found below the litter were positively and significantly correlated with the litter disappearance. There was no significant correlation with geophage activity. This indicates that detritivores use litter as food, and therefore influence the composition of the litter layer.