Determination of Mean Tree Height of Forest Stands by Digital Photogrammetry

The mean tree height of 73 forest stands in a 1000 ha forest area was determined from canopy heights generated by automatic image matching using a digital photogrammetric workstation and digitized panchromatic aerial photographs with a scale of 1:15 000. First, the mean height of each stand was computed as the arithmetic mean of the quantile corresponding to the 75th percentile of the distribution of the canopy heights from the image matching within square grid cells with cell sizes of 236-400 m². The mean heights from the image matching underestimated the true heights by 5.42 m. Secondly, field-measured mean tree heights of 165 georeferenced sample plots distributed systematically throughout the 1000 ha forest area were regressed against the mean heights derived from the image matching. The regression equations were used to predict the mean heights of the 73 stands. In very young forest stands, the predicted mean heights overestimated the true heights by 0.4 m and the precision was 0.9-1.0 m. In young and mature stands, the average difference between predicted height and ground-truth ranged between -1.6 and 0.5 m, and the precision ranged from 1.1 to 2.1 m.     

Fungicidal Control of Lophodermium seditiosum on Pinus sylvestris Seedlings in Swedish Forest Nurseries

During the 1990s, there were serious outbreaks of the pathogen Lophodermium seditiosum on pine seedlings in Swedish forest nurseries, even though the seedlings had been treated with the fungicide propiconazole. The present experiment was carried out to evaluate two other fungicides, fluazinam and azoxystrobin, as possible alternatives to propiconazole. In the tests, which were all carried out in the same forest nursery, seedlings were treated with either propiconazole, fluazinam or azoxystrobin, and the proportion of needles with ascocarps of L. seditiosum and the number of ascocarps per needle were recorded over the following 2 yrs. Seedlings treated with azoxystrobin already appeared healthier than control seedlings in September of the first year, and by November all azoxystrobin-treated seedlings had fewer ascocarps per needle compared with control seedlings. In autumn of the second year, there were no ascocarps on seedlings treated with fluazinam or azoxystrobin, whereas seedlings treated with propiconazole had similar numbers of ascocarps to non-treated control seedlings.     

西宁林业有害生物防治的专业化和社会化

近年来,西宁市将推进林业有害生物专业化、社会化防治作为全市森防工作的发展方向,进行了一些积极探索并取得了成效。本文对西宁市林业有害生物专业化社会化防治发展取得的成绩和存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了发展建议。     

Wood Production Potentials of Fenno-Scandinavian Forests Under Nature-Orientated Management

In Finland, Norway and Sweden forest management is presently changing towards a more nature-orientated management. In this study the European Forest Information SCENario (EFISCEN) model was applied to determine how this change might affect the potential for wood production in the three countries. Three different management regimes, traditional, traditional with nature conservation (''conservation''), and longer rotations with nature conservation (''conservation +''), were combined with two alternative felling levels. The results show that conserving 6.1-8.8% of the older forests in the southern regions had no limiting effects on production levels, as foreseen by the European Timber Trend Studies V by the UN-ECE for Finland and Sweden. Under the conservation + scenario, maximum sustainable felling levels decreased to 84, 79 and 72% of the present levels in Finland, Norway and Sweden, respectively. Increasing the rotation length put more pressure on the older age classes and thus did not increase the average age of the forest. If the consumption of wood increases as quickly as indicated by other studies, it will be hard to fulfil that demand and at the same time conserve considerable areas of forest in the southern regions of the countries.     

内蒙古自治区森林资源状况

文章以内蒙古第六次森林资源连续清查结果为依据,概述了内蒙古自治区森林资源及其生态状况,并针对存在主要问题提出森林资源保护与发展建议。     

高职院校《森林环境》课程教学改革的探索与实践

根据林业技术专业需要,以培养学生的综合素质和专业实践技能为主线,从教学内容、教学方法与手段、实践教学和考核方法等方面进行了改革探索与实践,取得了较好的效果。     

两种林龄中山杉(Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan')林地土壤质量评价

以江苏省靖江市牧城公园和东湖公园两种种植年限分别为5 a和9 a的中山杉(Taxodium hybrid'Zhongshanshan')人工林土壤和无林地为研究对象,对0~15 cm、15~30 cm和30~45 cm深度土层土壤理化性质、养分含量和微生物生物量进行了分析。典型相关分析表明,土壤微生物生物量的变化是一个复杂的过程,是土壤各因子共同作用的结果,3种土壤U、V值均表现出层次性,随着土壤深度的增加逐渐降低;不同取样点相同深度土层U、V值为9 a林5 a林对照;单相关分析表明,土壤微生物生物量与速效磷、速效钾、有机质和全氮呈极显著正相关(P0.01),因此土壤微生物可以作为评价中山杉人工林在促进林地土壤质量改善过程中的重要生物指标;主成分分析表明,综合得分最高的9 a林为2.993,其次是5 a林为0.748,作为对照的无林地则为-3.742,说明9 a林地土壤质量最高。可见,中山杉对林下土壤质量有显著提高作用。     

三种地板类型对母猪肢蹄健康的影响

为探索饲养母猪适宜的地板类型,跟踪分析3 600头母猪在3种地板模式下肢蹄部健康状况的影响。结果表明:使用新型复合材料开放式地板的母猪肢蹄健康状态最好,母猪肢蹄部病变比例为17.87%;半开放式混凝土地板加三合土地板次之,母猪肢蹄部病变为23.67%;限位饲养全混凝土地板较差,母猪肢蹄部病变为30.44%。试验数据说明,利用全漏缝新材料复合地板在自由采食饲养管理方式作用下,能够改善母猪肢蹄部健康状况的新思路、新方法是有效的、可行的。     

大兴安岭新林林业局森林资源可持续发展的技术体系

以大兴安岭林区具有典型代表性的新林林业局为研究对象，在对其自然资源、经济和社会调查后，建立了森林资源可持续发展的配套技术体系。包括种苗培育、资源调查与监测、资源采伐、资源更新、资源抚育技术体系以及资源效益评价体系等。     

阿勒泰地区土地类型与农业自然分区

阿勒泰地区位于北纬44°59′-49°11′和东经85°32′-91°01′,区内分布有高山、丘陵、河谷、平原、沙漠、戈壁和湖泊,土地面积为17750万亩。对该区土地类型进行研究,有助于认识影响土地分异的因素和探讨农业自然分区,为合理利用土地资源,发展农、林、牧业生产提供科学依据。