‘国光’苹果及其红色芽变花青苷合成与相关酶活性的研究

 以‘国光’苹果及其红色芽变为试材, 测定了果实发育期间的花青苷含量及其相关酶活性,并研究了套袋对芽变花青苷合成的影响。结果显示: ①在果实发育期间, 芽变果皮的花青苷含量明显高于‘国光’, 尤其是成熟期芽变果皮花青苷含量为132170 U·g^-1FW, 而‘国光’仅为49140 U·g^-1FW; ②在果实发育期间, 两个品种间PAL 和UFGT的酶活性无明显差异, 但芽变的CHI和DFR酶活性明显高于‘国光’, 表明芽变花青苷合成能力的提高与CHI和DFR酶活性高有关; ③套袋抑制芽变果皮花青苷的合成, 但解袋后花青苷的含量极显著升高, 解袋后4种酶的变化趋势差异较大, CHI和UFGT活性均迅速升高, 明显高于对照, 这与解袋后花青苷迅速合成相吻合。综上结果, 芽变与原有品种在着色机理上的关键指标是果皮花青苷含量和CHI酶活性。     

吉林省耕地压力指数时空分异特征研究及其预测研究

笔者运用耕地压力指数模型和灰色系统理论GM(1,1)模型，对吉林省2003—2012 年间的耕地利用压力指数时空分异特征进行分析，并对其动态变化和未来发展趋势进行了预测。研究结果显示：随着时间的推移，加之国家放开“二胎政策”人口不断在增加，未来人口会出现增加趋势，即使在规定未来十年内人们的人均食物需求量也会不增加的基础上，最小人均耕地面积的增加幅度越来越小，以及大量耕地向建设用地转换，使得耕地压力指数有过大的趋向，而且2017—2027 年吉林省的耕地压力指数处于上升的趋向，即使耕地压力不是很明显，但仍不可忽视。过大的趋向，而且2017-2027年吉林省的耕地压力指数处于上升的趋向，即使耕地压力不是很明显，但仍不可忽视。     

香石竹快速繁殖技术研究

以中花散枝香石竹"红芭芭拉"的茎段为外植体,探讨不同培养基对香石竹的诱芽萌动、继代增殖和生根培养的影响。结果表明:外植体切取部位的诱导芽萌动率从高至低排序为:顶芽带腋芽的茎段不带腋芽的茎段;当培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L时,对香石竹带腋芽的茎段芽萌动最好;在培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L时,继代增殖长芽的效果最好;在培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 0.2mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L时,诱导不定根效果最好。     

小麦不育材料幼胚培养植株再生性研究

本试验对小麦两类不育材料幼胚愈伤诱导及分化进行了研究,结果表明:①N6培养基愈伤组织诱导率最高95%～100%;不同材料平均出愈率由高到低依次为雄性不育1号、雄性不育2号、雌性不育1号;②接种18～30dMS培养基最早产生不定芽分化。最早可见不定芽分化的材料为雄性不育1号,分化进程较雌性不育幼胚提早7～10d;雄性不育1号和雌性不育1号幼胚愈伤组织分别培养45,52d分化率达峰值均为100%,雄性不育2号材料在培养112d分化率达峰值67.4%;③单独加入2,4 D并随2,4 D浓度降低不定芽分化率有增加的趋势。2,4 D与KT配合使用不定芽分化率最高,达100%,以低浓度2,4 D(0.25～0.50mg·L-1)与KT(0.1～0.2mg·L-1)配合为宜。④分化不定芽在不同培养基中生长增殖不同,以C17为最佳同时附加KT0.2mg·L-1 2,4 D0.1mg·L-1分化苗可增殖6倍;再生植株移栽成活率80%以上;接种至移栽历时4个月。     

中华猕猴桃单芽绿枝扦插试验

中华猴猕桃单芽绿枝扦插试验结果表明:1.采自组织培养的猕猴桃植株的插穗比采自嫁接植株的插穗更易生根,且发根早,根量大;2.插穗经不同浓度的吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理后可不同程度地促进生根,处理以100ppm浸泡插穗基部20小时为最佳.生根率可达100%.     

Relationship between Dry Weight at Heading and the Number ofSpikelets on Individual Rice Tillers

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to identify the growth parameters involved in determining the number of spikelets on an individual tiller (ST) and to elucidate how ST is determined in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We examined the correlation of ST with the dry weight (DWT), leaf area (LAT), and the amount of nitrogen (NT) at heading for individual tillers grown under different conditions that were expected to affect spikelet production. In 1999, the japonica rice cultivars “Mineasahi” (short-duration), “Hinohikari” (intermediate-duration), and “Akebono” (long-duration) were transplanted in a paddy field on two different dates (EARLY and LATE). In 2000, Hinohikari was grown under three different treatments (gibberellic acid application, nitrogen topdressing, and thinning of hills at panicle initiation) and without treatment (control). Covariance and partial correlation analyses indicated that ST was positively and essentially correlated with DWT rather than with LAT and NT. The regression of ST on DWT was stable within each cultivar regardless of the treatment, year, tiller order, and number of differentiated spikelets. The slope of the regression was the steepest in the short-duration cultivar. These results suggest that the steep slope is desirable for high-yielding cultivars with large panicles. We conclude that ST is mostly determined by dry matter production of an individual tiller regardless of the number of differentiated spikelets. We present a diagram showing the relationship between dry matter production and the number of differentiated, surviving, and degenerated spikelets on an individual tiller.     

四季蜜龙眼花芽形成相关基因SAM的克隆

以四季蜜龙眼花芽为材料,进行了总RNA的提取与纯化,应用RT-PCR技术扩增其3′端序列,经测序和拼接,获得SAM3′末端,共1 253 bp;序列分析表明,与杨树SAM基因同源性达到96%,为龙眼成花机理的深入研究奠定了基础。     

枣花发育过程中糖类物质的分布与变化

以壶瓶枣为试材,通过组织学制片,运用PAS-苏木精复染和汞-溴酚蓝法对材料进行染色,用显微镜观察了花芽形态分化过程及其花器官中的糖类物质分布。结果表明,从枣吊萌动到花开,淀粉粒在各个分生组织分裂最旺盛的细胞中逐渐积累;随着花器官的发育,在萼片中形成囊状特化大细胞,到花粉粒成熟时布满萼片、花瓣和花托,标志着糖类物质积累达到高峰;但是当花开时,这些囊状特化大细胞中的糖类物质消失,变成空腔。     

Floral induction (FI) in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees. III: Effect of shading the trees on potassium chlorate induced FI and resulting hormonal changes in leaves and shoots

Previous experiments demonstrated that treatment of longan trees with potassium chlorate (KClO₃) induces “off season floral induction” (FI) even in the absence of the naturally required cool temperature [Manochai, P., Sruamsiri, P., Wiriya-alongkorn, W., Naphrom, D., Hegele, M., Bangerth, F., 2005. Year around off season flower induction in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees by KClO₃ applications: potentials and problems. Sci. Hortic. 104, 379–390]. Potassium chlorate, however, cannot replace the presence of functional mature leaves and sufficient light intensity. Here we examined in more detail the effect of shade (about 10% of natural sunlight) on KClO₃ affected hormone concentrations/transport of leaves and shoot apical buds (SAB) and their interactions with FI.     

郁金香花芽分化的解剖学研究

利用石蜡切片法研究了郁金香花芽分化的进程及温度变化对花芽分化的影响。结果表明：郁金香鳞茎内顶端生长点的分化过程可以分为营养生长期，生殖茎端形成期，花器官分化期，花器官伸长期４个时期花芽分化从７月上旬开始，８肿旬结束。在贮藏期间，郁金香鳞茎内顶端生长点前期发育速度较慢，后期发育速度较快，并按由外向内的顺序进行。