Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide on Vegetative Growth,Yield, and Fruit Quality of Fig cv. Zidi in a Warm Production Area

The fig tree (Ficus carica L.) is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean region under warm climates. Fig yield is governed by the previous crop load and is strongly dependent on shoot length. Special cultural practices are required to stimulate new vegetative growth that will ensure regular and high productivity. The present study focused on the use of the rest breaking agent hydrogen cyanamide (HC) as Dormex to enhance vegetative growth, which influences the yield. A field trial was held in northern Tunisia (36° 49′ N; 9° 48′ E) on mature fig trees cv. Zidi. In reference to untreated trees as control, two hydrogen cyanamide treatments at 1% and 1.5% HC were considered. Bud break rate, vegetative growth, starch content of shoots, yield, and fruit characteristics were assessed. Results indicated that 1.5% HC significantly increased shoot length, fruit number per shoot, and yield. It advanced bud break by 10 days and fruit ripening by 7 days compared to the control. However, leaf number, leaf area, and starch content seem to be unaffected by hydrogen cyanamide treatments. Regarding fruit quality, a 1.5% HC dose significantly increased dry matter content, while fruit diameter and total soluble solids remain unaffected. In conclusion, hydrogen cyanamide could be used under warm conditions to improve vegetative growth of fig trees cv. Zidi and consequently fig productivity. Application of 1.5% HC 40 days before bud break was the most effective in increasing shoot length and yield.     

昆明市区小叶榕对冬季非节律性低温的生理反应

将本土树种球花石楠作对照,以昆明市区行道树种小叶榕为主要研究对象,通过对其叶片5项生理指标在冬季非节律性低温发生前后的变化测定,分析其耐寒特性。测定指标显示,日最高气温由18℃骤降到4℃以及由24℃骤降到6℃时,小叶榕叶片中叶绿素含量以及叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo值均有所下降;而其叶片含水量、相对电导率和游离辅氨酸含量明显上升。综合分析表明,小叶榕比对照树种球花石楠的抗寒性弱,非节律性低温可能是昆明市区小叶榕正常越冬的主要限制性因素。     

台湾爱玉子引种与种植技术

引进台湾不同品系的爱玉子,进行人工栽培,通过人工放爱玉小蜂,形成小蜂生态。     

无花果组织培养再生系统的研究

以无花果展叶腋芽、休眠腋芽、室外嫩茎和水培芽为外植体，通过初始培养获得无菌苗后，选取无菌苗的不同部位作外植体，如茎段、叶片、愈伤组织等，经过诱导培养、分化培养及生根培养，形成再生植株。研究了激素种类及浓度、培养基种类对诱导的影响，提出了无花果的最佳培养条件，并讨论了影响移栽成活的一些因素。     

AM 真菌对4个印度橡胶榕彩叶栽培种的接种效应研究

通过对黑金刚、花金刚、红关公、巴西榕4个印度橡胶榕彩叶栽培品种袋苗的AM真菌感染率、依赖度和生长量、生物量指标及根长的测定得出,处理植株根部感染率分别为90%、75%、65%、85%,均高出对照65%以上;它们对AM真菌的依赖性(MD)分别为386.85%、203.45%、213.29%、331.01%,黑金刚、巴西榕对菌根具有高强度依赖性,花金刚、红关公具中强度依赖性;接种AM真菌有利于促进这4种植物根部形成菌根,并对其生长量及生物量的增加具有明显的增效作用.     

提高大叶榕的大枝扦插成活率的初步探讨

通过不同插穗的直径、扦插时间和ABT生根粉处理等,对大叶榕的大枝扦插成活率进行初步探讨,结果表明:插穗直径在10cm以下的成活率较高,达80%以上,在10cm以上的插穗,扦插成活率仅为67 37%;插穗采集及扦插时间以2月份到3月初为宜。使用ABT6号生根粉能使大叶榕大枝扦插成活率提高约15%。     

厦门园林植物园 1 0种榕属植物叶热值与灰分含量的研究

在春秋两季对厦门园林植物园的 1 0种榕属植物 (垂叶榕、黄金榕、小叶榕、大叶榕、高山榕、橡皮树、花叶橡皮树、菩提树、大果榕、无花果 )叶的热值和灰分含量进行了研究。结果表明 :( 1 ) 1 0种榕属植物具有较高的灰分含量 ,其中垂叶榕、大叶榕、小叶榕、黄金榕、无花果春秋两季的灰分含量均在 1 0 %以上 ;1 0种榕属植物叶的灰分含量具有不同的季节变化趋势。 ( 2 )高山榕、橡皮树、大果榕的干重热值较高 ,均在 2 0 2 0kJ·g- 1 以上 ;而大叶榕、垂叶榕、黄金榕、菩提树、无花果的干重热值较低 ,在 1 9 0kJ·g- 1 以下 ;1 0种榕属植物中 ,7种的干重热值春季比秋季高 ,3种秋季比春季高。 ( 3 )园林植物园 1 0种榕属植物叶的干重热值与灰分含量分别在2 0 0 1年 1 1月 (秋季 )与 2 0 0 2年 5月 (春季 )具有极显著 (P <0 0 1 )与显著的线性相关 (P <0 0 5 )。 ( 4 )高山榕、橡皮树、垂叶榕的去灰分热值较高 ,春秋两季均在 2 2 0kJ·g- 1 以上 ;而无花果、菩提树、大叶榕的去灰分热值较低 ,基本上在 2 1 0kJ·g- 1 以下。     

化学预处理对薜荔种子发芽的影响

研究不同浓度的HNO3、KNO3、GA溶液及其不同浓度配比的混合预处理液对薜荔种子发芽的影响。结果表明:不同植株的薜荔种子的各项发芽指标差异显著;适宜浓度的HNO3、KNO3以及GA溶液对薜荔种子发芽均有促进作用,筛选出的最佳组合(HNO3:37.78 mmol/L GA:30 mg/L)可使薜荔种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别为对照组的2.27倍、11.25倍和4.72倍,并使发芽天数缩短到5~6 d。     

干旱胁迫对琴叶榕生长和生理特性的影响

以1a生组培琴叶榕盆栽苗为试材,控水模拟不同土壤水分状况,探讨不同程度干旱胁迫对琴叶榕叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的提高,琴叶榕株高、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量均呈现下降趋势;脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量都随着干旱胁迫程度的加强而显著升高;POD活性随干旱胁迫的加强而升高;SOD活性在轻度和中度干旱下上升,在严重干旱胁迫时反而下降。     

Effect of hydrogen cyanamide,mineral oil and thidiazuron in combination with tip pruning on bud break,shoot growth and yield in ‘Bourjasotte Noire’, ‘Col de Damme Noire’ and ‘Noire de Caromb’ figs

Commercial fig production is relatively new to the Mediterranean-type climate Western Cape Province of South Africa. A lack of lateral branch development impedes tree structure development and therefore adequate yields of quality fruit. The chemical rest breaking agents, Lift^® (thidiazuron 3 g L⁻¹) at 6%, Dormex^® (hydrogen cyanamide, 520 g L⁻¹) at 4%, mineral oil at 4% and a combination of mineral oil and Dormex^® at 2% each were evaluated in a split plot design in combination with tip-pruning vs. no-pruning to overcome apical dominance and increase complexity (Experiment 1). During the 2008/2009 season, an additional investigation was conducted to evaluate the use of thidiazuron and hydrogen cyanamide for harvest scheduling (Experiment 2). Dormex^® at 3% and Lift^® at 6%, were applied to dormant trees on 30 June 2008, 3 August 2008, 15 August 2008 or 30 August 2008. In general, Lift^® can be used to increase the number of buds breaking in ‘Bourjasotte Noire’ and ‘Col de Damme Noire’, while tip pruning decreased bud break with a resultant increase in shoot length. Dormex^® and oil combined decreased bud break in these two cultivars but was effective on ‘Noire de Caromb’. Where bud break was increased the resultant N + 1 shoot length was decreased. RBAs increased the number of fruit in both the breba and main crop of ‘Noire de Caromb’, but decreased fruit size of the breba crop. Our data are not conclusive as to what the reason for low lateral bud break might be but leans towards strong AD in seasons with 400 Utah CU or more, but might include some delayed foliation response in seasons with less than 200 Utah CH.