Surface morphologies and internal fine structures of bast fibers

Fiber surface morphologies and associated internal structures are closely related to its properties. Unlike other fibers including cotton, bast fibers possess transverse nodes and fissures in cross-sectional and longitudinal directions. Their morphologies and associated internal structures were anatomically examined under the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the morphologies of the nodes and the fissures of bast fibers varied depending on the construction of the inner fibril cellular layers. The transverse nodes and fissures were formed by the folding and spiralling of the cellular layers during plant growth. The dimensions of nodes and fissures were determined by the dislocations of the cellular layers. There were also many longitudinal fissures in bast fibers. Some deep longitudinal fissures even opened the fiber lumen for a short way along the fiber. In addition, the lumen channel of the bast fibers could be disturbed or disrupted by the nodes and the spirals of the internal cellular layers. The existence of the transverse nodes and fissures in the bast fibers could degrade the fiber mechanical properties, whereas the longitudinal fissures may contribute to the very rapid moisture absorption and desorption.     

Processing and characterization of liquid crystalline copoly-(ethylene terephthalate-co-2(3)-chloro-1,4-phenylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends

Liquid crystalline (LC) poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-2(3)-chloro-1,4-phenylene terephthalate) (50/50, mole/mole) [PECPT] was synthesized and blended with polycarbonate (PC). LC properties of PECPT and thermal, morphological, and rheological behaviors of the PECPT/PC blend were studied. PECPT showed the nematic LC phase and much longer relaxation time than poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The apparent melt viscosity of PECPT was one third of that of PET. An abrupt torque change was observed during the blending process due to the orientation of LC domains. For the blends containing 10∼30 wt% of PECPT, the complex viscosities were higher than that of PC. As PECPT content increases above 40 wt%, shear thinning was observed. The lowest complex viscosity was obtained at 40∼50 wt%. Transesterification of PECPT and PC was confirmed by the selective chemical degradation of carbonate groups in PC.     

Literature review of an underutilized legume: Canavalia gladiata L.

The literature related to the legume commonly known as sword beans (Canavalia gladiata) that belongs to the genus Canavalia which is considered to be an underutilized legume, is reviewed. The legume seeds are considered to be a cheap source of good protein and calories that are easily available. However, even with this knowledge, the utilization of most legumes is apparently low. Sword beans have favorable agronomic features suitable for cultivation in the tropics and a high average yield comparable to that of soybeans. The agroclimatic conditions suitable for cultivation, morphological features, uses, chemical composition and the antinutritional factors of the plant are discussed.     

Fibre rupture phenomenon in rotor spinning

The present work relates to the occurrence of fibre rupture during fibre separation in rotor spinning and also discusses the mechanism of such rupture. The reduction in fibre length during opening has been studied at different span lengths. A correlation has been drawn showing the influence of combing roller action on yarn tenacity and elongation. Fibre rupture has direct relationship with opening roller speed. Fibre rupture and surface damage occurring due to action of opening roller together are found to mar the yarn quality index.     

纤维亚麻品种产量相关因素的灰色关联度评价

以灰色系统理论为依据,采用灰色关联度分析方法,对2年（2004年10月～2006年5月）云南省纤维亚麻品种区域试验中参试品种的单茎产量与7个农艺性状进行分析.研究表明,主要农艺性状生育期、初花期、株高、工艺长度、茎粗、分枝数、出麻率对产量影响,关联度大小顺序为茎粗＞初花期＞生育期＞工艺长度＞株高＞出麻率＞分枝数.     

光纤化学传感荧光法测定维生素B2片剂含量的研究

[目的]利用光纤化学传感荧光法,准确测定维生素B2片剂的含量.[方法]利用光纤化学传感荧光法检测系统,将维生素B2片溶解于水溶液中,测定其荧光光谱,定量分析其含量.[结果]该方法维生素B2最大发射波长为533 nm,质量浓度在3.2×10-5～8×10-4 mg/ml与荧光强度呈良好线性关系,检测线为1.55×10-8 mg/ml,日内精密度为0.19％,日间精密度为1.2％,回收率为97.9％ ～105.1％.[结论]采取该方法测定维生素B2药片含量的准确度高,检测线低,结果令人满意.     

沙海蜇的形态与结构

本文描述沙海蜇(Stomolophus meleagris L.Agassiz,1862)形态与结构。     

江鳕和大头鳕形态学的初步研究

通过对江鳕(Lota lata Linnaeus)和大头鳕(Gadus macrocephalus Tilexius)的形态学比较研究发现，江鳕和大头鳕都有胆囊、幽门盲囊，肝脏较大。脊柱和附肢骨骼种类相同，区别仅在于骨块的数量和嵴的发达程度上，尾都是等尾型。     

Early morphological predictors of maturity in one-sea-winter Atlantic salmon

Early separation of maturing from immature fish would be very valuable in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) culture. Possible morphometric predictors of maturation in one sea-winter Atlantic salmon were investigated from measurements of body weight, length and depth and adipose fin length undertaken at 14 day intervals from May until August in a population of 80 individually tagged fish, 61 (male and female) of which were subsequently found to be maturing (i.e. grilse). Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that a combination of forklength and condition factor proved to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of maturation (over 88% accurate) until August. In August when maturing fish could be easily distinguished by shape and colour, forklength and condition factor no longer had any discriminatory power, but body depth at the anal and dorsal fins were good predictors. A second trial was performed on a separate stock of fish for which the same predictors proved robust. The discriminant functions derived from one stock of fish did not, however, produce the same discriminatory power when applied to the other stock. Hence there does not appear to be a simple mathematical means for the general discrimination of maturing and immature salmon. However the morphological predictors described above could be used for visual discrimination when ‘grilse grading’.     

Mugil curema in Argentinean waters: Combined morphological and molecular approach

A previously unidentified mullet species (Mugil sp.) from Mar Chiquita lagoon, Argentina, was compared with two candidate species Mugil curema and M. cephalus using 12 truss landmarks and three mitochondrial DNA genes (12S rRNA, cytochrome b and COI). Both procedures confirmed that the Argentinean fish were white mullet M. curema. Morphological comparisons clearly segregated M. curema from M. cephalus samples in PCA plot. Similarly, Argentinean haplotypes at each gene overlapped with M. curema reference samples while M. cephalus haplotypes remained distinct. These combined data provide a valuable baseline for further investigations on the geographic distribution of this commercially important species group.