两优6326栽培密度和施肥水平试验

[目的]为了寻求两优6326的最佳栽培模式。[方法]对两系杂交组合两优6326进行栽培密度和施肥水平2个试验,密度试验设5个处理,施肥水平试验设4个处理。[结果]从实际产量结果来看,密度试验12.0万株/hm2的产量最高,折合9865.95kg/hm2;30.0万株/hm2的产量最低,折合9332.1kg/hm2。施肥水平处理1的产量最高,折合10293.45kg/hm2;处理2的产量最低,折合9454.35kg/hm2。从理论产量结果来看,密度试验22.5万株/hm2的产量最高,为13531.5kg/hm2,12.0万株/hm2的产量最低,为9865.95kg/hm2。施肥水平处理1的产量最高,为12412.50kg/hm2,处理2的产量最低,为9855.00kg/hm2。[结论]综合实际产量、理论产量等方面因素,提出两优6326的最佳栽培模式为:栽培密度22.5万株/hm2;基肥施尿素225kg/hm2,氯化钾150kg/hm2,过磷酸钙600kg/hm2;分蘖肥施尿素180kg/hm2,氯化钾120kg/hm2;穗肥施尿素45kg/hm2,氯化钾30kg/hm2。     

杂交棉稀植栽培施肥技术研究

在大田2.4万株/hm2的稀植栽培条件下,采用相同的氮磷钾配比,四个不同水平的氮磷钾施用量组合处理,对杂交棉予杂35群体的生长发育特点及产量进行了研究,结果表明:氮磷钾施肥量增加可明显地促进群体干物质积累和叶面积增长,增加单株铃数和群体总铃数,显著地提高生物产量和经济产量。但是,当氮磷钾施肥量达到每公顷施N:195kg、P2O5:97.5kg、K2O:136.5kg后,再增加施肥量则增产不显著,肥效降低,而且霜前花率和子棉经济系数降低。     

不同施肥处理对稻米硬度影响研究

[目的]为了研究不同施肥处理对稻米硬度的影响。[方法]以21个粒形有差异的水稻品种为材料,设施NP与NPK两种处理,对稻米硬度进行测定,分析两种施肥处理条件下不同粒形的稻米硬度差异及粒形与硬度间的关系。[结果]施NPK肥的稻米硬度平均为79.6 N,只施NP肥的稻米硬度平均为75.8 N;NPK处理中的窄粒型、中等粒型、宽粒型比NP处理中的稻米硬度分别大3.2、3.34、.4 N。在两处理中,穗上部籽粒比穗下部籽粒硬度大,平均差异分别为3.96和3.65 N。[结论]施NPK肥的处理比只施NP肥的处理稻米硬度大;籽粒越宽,硬度越大,且施K肥能明显提高宽粒形品种的硬度;穗上部籽粒比下部籽粒的硬度大。     

Soil microbial communities resistant to changes in plant functional group composition

The soil community is an often ignored part of research which links plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning despite their influence on numerous functions such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Few consistent patterns have been detected that link plant and soil community composition. We used a removal experiment in a northern Canadian grassland to examine the effects of plant functional group identity on soil microbial community structure and function. Plant functional groups (graminoids, legumes and forbs) were removed independently from plots for five growing seasons (2003-2007) and in the fifth year effects on the soil microbial community were examined using substrate-induced respiration (SIR - a measure of metabolic diversity) and phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA - a measure of microbial community composition). Removal treatments were also crossed with both a fertilizer treatment and a fungicide treatment to determine if effects of functional group identity on the soil community were context dependent. Plant functional group identity had almost no effect on the soil microbial community as measured by either SIR or PLFA. Likewise, soil properties including total carbon, pH, moisture and nutrients showed a limited response to plant removals in the fifth year after removals. We found a direct effect of fertilizer on the soil community, with fertilized plots having decreased metabolic diversity, with a decreased ability to metabolize amino acids and a phenolic acid, but there was no direct soil microbial response to fungicide. We show that in this northern Canadian grassland the soil microbial community is relatively insensitive to changes in plant functional group composition, and suggest that in northern ecosystems, where plant material is only slowly incorporated into the soil, five growing seasons may be insufficient to detect the impact of a changing plant community on the soil microbes.     

浅述木麻黄沿海防护林造林技术

利用木麻黄营造沿海沙地防护林,不仅符合适地适树的造林原则,而且也是保护和恢复全省海防林带生态工程的有效途径之一.因此持续性发展木麻黄沿海防护林、苗木品种和造林技术至关重要.文章介绍了木麻黄沿海防护林造林技术,并对以后的造林工作提出了一些建议.     

《野生动物救护技术》课程教学内容与教学方法的探讨

根据《野生动物救护技术》课程的特点,确定教学内容,研究教学重点,探讨更加合理的教学方法,以期获得更好的教学效果。     

长期不同施肥制度下土壤有机质质量动态变化规律

通过8年定位试验,研究了长期不同施肥制度下土壤有机质质量动态变化规律。结果表明,采用有机肥(物)料配施常量NPK化肥,土壤有机碳、易氧化有机碳、腐殖酸碳及其占总有机碳比率、HAC、FAC和HAC/FAC不断提高,Kos持续下降,其变化速率表现为递减;长期不施肥和单施常量NPK化肥则造成Kos持续上升,其余指标以递减速率下降。不同施肥制度下土壤有机质质量指标的动态变化可利用渐近函数模拟。在试验的不同阶段,土壤腐殖酸碳总量的亏损或盈余向HAC分配比例的变化态势各异,长期不施肥处理随时间的延长渐减,单施常量NPK化肥处理基本上分配至HAC;有机肥(物)料配施化肥则呈现出后期>前期>中期的趋势。     

施肥与大气环境质量——论施肥对环境的影响(1)

无机肥和有机肥都是人类可持续发展不可或缺的资源,只要科学使用不会对环境和生态造成负面影响。不良施肥对大气环境的威胁主要来自有机肥,过量使用有机肥可促进土壤中CO2和CH4的排放;有机肥和畜禽粪肥堆放场地有大量氨气污染,有机物的焚烧可直接向大气排放大量的CO2、CH4及固体微粒,使城乡空气严重污染。有机肥和无机N肥的过量使用,都会导致土壤N素积累。土壤中N素的反硝化作用产生N2O, NOx 的排放。避免有机肥和N肥过量,禁止焚烧有机物,覆盖有机肥和畜禽粪肥堆放场,控制反硝化作用,以减少负面效应,保护大气环境质量。     

不同施肥方式下滩涂围垦农田土壤有机碳及团聚体有机碳的分布

通过在苏北滩涂地区开展田间试验,研究了不同施肥处理(不施肥、施农家肥、商品有机肥、无机肥)对滩涂地区围垦农田土壤有机碳及团聚体有机碳的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同施肥处理均能明显增加0~30 cm土层土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度,施农家肥增加幅度最高,增加值分别为0.66 g kg-1和0.07 kg m-2。试验地区水稳性团聚体以5 mm和0.25~0.5 mm为主,含量分别为37%~57%和13%~20%;随着土层深度增加,5 mm团聚体含量降低,0.25~0.5 mm团聚体则增加;农家肥能显著增加5 mm团聚体含量,同时降低0.25~5 mm团聚体含量。团聚体中有机碳含量表现为,除0.25~0.5 mm团聚体外,5 mm至0.5~1 mm团聚体之间,粒径越小,有机碳含量越高,其中0.5~1 mm团聚体有机碳含量最高,为6.83 g kg-1;与其他处理相比,农家肥的施用能明显增加各粒级团聚体中有机碳含量。试验地区土壤有机碳含量与5 mm团聚体及其有机碳含量极显著正相关(p0.01),而与0.25~5 mm团聚体负相关(p0.01或p0.05)。