山东野蔷薇种质资源及其园林应用调查研究

对山东省野蔷薇种质资源及其园林应用进行了详细调查研究,分析了该地区野蔷薇的野生生境、地理分布、观赏特性及园林应用,并对山东省野蔷薇种质资源的保护、合理利用及新品种培育提出了几点建议。     

Effects of Sodium Alginate and Chitosan Coating Combined with Three Different Essential Oils on Microbial and Chemical Attributes of Rainbow Trout Fillets

ABSTRACT

Meat products, such as fish meat, are known to be susceptible to undesirable chemical and microbial reactions that characterize spoilage. In this study, the effect of a sodium alginate and chitosan coating incorporated with Mentha piperita, Artemisia dracunculus, and Zataria multiflora essential oils on chemical and microbial attributes of rainbow trout meat was evaluated during storage at 4°C. Chemical and microbial assays were performed on rainbow trout fillets with alginate and chitosan coatings and 0.2% concentration of test essential oils. The results showed that the alginate coating with essential oils significantly decreased production of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and reduced the growth of foodborne spoilage bacteria during storage at 4ºC. At day 12, the best results were obtained in chitosan coating + Z. multiflora, with 5.96 ± 0.12, 4.93 ± 0.12, and 3.83 ± 0.2 for total viable counts, psychrotrophic bacterial count, and lactic acid bacteria count, respectively. Moreover, the lowest amounts of chemical analysis were observed in chitosan coating + Z. multiflora at the final day (0.54 ± 0.03 and 20.31 ± 0.1 for TBA and TVBN, respectively). Our study revealed that essential oils can be used as effective natural components against undesirable chemical and microbial reactions in fish meat.     

Effect of rootstocks on greenhouse rose flower yield and leaf nutrient levels

Abstract

‘Carina’ rose was grown on seven different rootstock clones. These, combinations were tested for effect on flower production and mineral content of the leaves when grown in fumigated ground beds in an evaporatively cooled plastic greenhouse. Plants growing on R. odorata ISU 5710–2 produced the highest flower yields followed by R. fortuniana and R. manetti while R. multiflora ISU 62–5 produced the lowest number of blooms. Rootstocks caused large differences in the levels of some minerals in the leaves. R. fortuniana caused a Mn accumulation that was five times the quantity developed by R. odorata but this did not seem to be related to flower production. However, R. odorata was a superior accumulator of K and under conditions of relatively low supply R. fortuniana and R. odorata were good accumulators of N and K. These factors were related to flower yield.     

林下种植黄精、何首乌及天门冬对土壤养分的影响

为了了解林下种植黄精、何首乌及天门冬对林地土壤养分的影响,为以后大规模发展林下中药材种植提供一定的理论指导,研究黄精等3种中药材根际土壤的养分变化。结果表明,黄精能够使根际土壤酸化,对照土壤中有机质含量较低,仅为34.0 g/kg,无法满足植物的生长需求。由于受有机质含量的影响,水解性氮总体上也偏低,有效磷和速效钾基本上能够满足这3种药材的生长。由于针叶难以腐化成有机质,今后应该选择阔叶林地或混交林地作为种植地,也可以通过人工增加土壤有机质含量来改良土壤性质。     

蔷薇良种‘鲁硕红’

‘鲁硕红’是从荷兰引进的天然杂交种子中选育出的优良品种,其花型特大,花直径8～10 cm,开花早,花期长,花色鲜艳,花量繁多,单枝顶梢簇生多达87朵,香味清雅;适应性强、稳定性好,耐干旱、寒冷、瘠薄等逆境条件,抗病性好,对白粉病免疫,在山东各地均适宜种植.     

气候变化背景下药用植物何首乌在中国适生区分布预测

【目的】预测中国境内药用植物何首乌[Fallopia multiflora(Thunb.)Harald]在气候变化背景下的适生区分布格局变迁及其相对稳定适生区。【方法】基于何首乌的138个分布数据以及当代(1995-2000年)和未来(21世纪20-80年代)的气候数据,同时考虑3种温室气体排放情景,用最大熵模型预测其地理分布。【结果】1何首乌的当代适生区主要分布于四川、重庆、陕西、广西、云南、湖北等地境内;2何首乌当代适生区总面积为205.38×104 km2,占中国国土面积的21.39%;3何首乌当代适生区面积53.86%的区域为相对稳定适生区,受气候变化影响相对较弱;4在气候变化背景下,何首乌总适生区及低度适生区面积将大幅减少,中度适生区面积将保持相对稳定,而高度适生区面积将大幅增加。【结论】未来气候变化对何首乌分布的负面影响主要体现在总适生区面积的缩减,预测何首乌相对稳定适生区的面积为110.61×104 km2,该地区可作为其规范化种植候选地,剩余受气候变化影响显著的区域可作为何首乌野生种质资源调查和收集的优先区域。     

无菌条件下野蔷薇种子快速催芽的研究

野蔷薇种子休眠深,发芽极不整齐,给育苗带来很大麻烦。以野蔷薇的3个无刺品系No.3、No.4、No.11和野蔷薇变种荷花蔷薇为试材,研究在无菌条件下,冷藏时间、GA3浓度和不同基质对野蔷薇种子发芽的影响,探索快速得到无菌实生苗的条件。结果表明：（1）影响野蔷薇种子萌发最主要的因素是冷藏时间;（2）3个无刺品系种子在冷藏10~15d、GA30.05~0.1mg/L处理时发芽率均在90%~100%,而荷花蔷薇种子在冷藏15d、GA30.05 mg/L处理时最高发芽率为73%;（3）选用沙子作基质比蛭石更适合种子发芽。     

氮磷供应水平对野蔷薇生长和养分吸收的影响

[目的]研究不同养分梯度下野蔷薇生长、养分吸收特征及根土互作效应,为优化施肥提供科学依据.[方法]采用大田实验,研究5个施氮和5个施磷水平(分别为0、50、100、200和300 mg/kg)对无刺野蔷薇(Rosa multiflora Thunb.ex Murr.)主干地径、养分吸收、叶片SPAD及土壤养分有效性的影...     

Use of goats as biological agents for the renovation of pastures in the Appalachian region of the United States

Much of hill-land pasture in the Appalachian region of the United States is dominated by herbaceous weeds and brush. Low cost, low input and environmentally acceptable reclamation procedures are needed to maintain the productivity of these pastures. This experiment evaluated the effectiveness of using goats (Capra hircus hircus) alone (30 mature, brush does/ha) or cattle (Bos taurus) with goats (17 mature, brush does/ha + two to three steers/ha -- 225 kg average live weight) to reclaim a pasture from an abandoned, overgrown 5.9 ha orchard left untouched for 15 years. Over four grazing seasons, managed defoliation resulted in a substantial increase in herbaceous vegetative cover in plots grazed by goats alone (65 to 86%) and by goats with cattle (65 to 80%) while vegetative cover decreased from 70 to 22% in the control plot. Similarly, the cover by grass species increased in the grazed plots (goats: 16 to 63%; goats + cattle: 13 to 54%) while averaging 10% in the control plot. Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thumb.) bushes were practically eliminated after four grazing seasons as quantified by an average reduction in height from 2.1 m to 0.6 m, and by the number of dead canes (stems) in both the goat (100%) or goat + cattle (92%) treatments. Results indicated that the foraging habits of goats resulted in the elimination of multiflora rose bushes and in a significant increase in desirable forage species. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多花蔷薇胚性细胞悬浮系原生质体分离及再生植株

利用多花蔷薇‘无刺3号’假珠芽诱导的胚性愈伤细胞悬浮系分离得到原生质体,并培养获得再生植株。酶种类和浓度, 酶解时间及悬浮细胞继代时间对原生质体分离有重要影响,最佳酶液组成是2.0%纤维素酶,0.5%离析酶,5.0 mmol·L^-1 MES, 0.5 mol·L^-1甘露醇,0.5% CaCl₂·2H₂O。采用继代3 d的悬浮细胞系,酶解10 h,原生质体产量达到26.67×10⁶g^-1,原生质体活力为92.21%。采用液体浅层培养,肌醇比蔗糖更有利于纯化后的原生质体分裂和生长。愈伤组织形成增殖培养基为1/2MS + 2,4-D 1.0 mg·L^-1+ EBR 0.2 mg·L^-1 + 10 g·L^-1 Ficoll + 500 mg·L^-1谷氨酰胺 + 20 mg·L^-1甘氨酸 + 20 mg·L^-1天冬氨酸,分化培养基为1/2MS + 10 mg·L^-1 TDZ + 500 mg·L^-1谷氨酰胺+ 20 mg·L^-1甘氨酸+ 20 mg·L^-1天冬氨酸,后转入1/2MS培养基上获得完整植株。