Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Upland Cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis> L.) Breeding Lines by using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Markers and Morphological Characteristics

Genetic diversity in 24 advanced breeding lines of cotton was studied by using six amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer-pairs and 14 morphological characters. The six selected AFLP primer-pairs generated a total of 535 amplification products, of which 460 were found to be polymorphic resulting in 85.9% polymorphism. The observed genetic distances using AFLP markers ranged from 30% to 87% with an average of 34%. A wide range of variability was observed for all the morphological traits studied. The range in taxonomic distance was from 0.60 to 2.77. Most of the lines could be clustered in two major clusters in both the analyses. But the correlation coefficient between the pair-wise distances estimated from AFLPs and the average taxonomic distances estimated from morphological characters was found to be 0.04. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed inconsistencies in the clustering patterns, as the co-phenetic correlation coefficient between the dendrograms for morphological and AFLP data indicated a poor fit for the two data types. From combined information, genotypes ‘RST-12’, ‘H 1226’, ‘P 348’, ‘KDCAKD’, ‘CISV 24’ and ‘H1222’ were found to be distinct from rest of the material.     

Karyotypic Studies on Some Cultivated and Wild Species of Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae)

Detailed karyotypic studies have been done in 20 wild and cultivated taxa of Chenopodium, which belong to three ploidy levels 2x, 4x and 6x. C. quinoa (4x) shows minor but consistent differences in the arm ratio of various chromosomes within the complements of different accessions. The chromosomes can be arranged in 18 pairs that suggest allotetraploid nature. The karyotype of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae (4x) is basically similar to that of C. quinoa. C. bushianum (6x) is distinctly different from the above two species in showing highest ratio between longest and shortest chromosomes. C. album complex is characterized by consisting of 2x, 4x and 6x cytotypes. Marked karyotypic differentiation is seen even among various 2x accessions. The 4x cytotype has a more asymmetrical karyotype as compared with 2x and 6x cytotypes. The karyotypic differences are also apparent between two 6x cytotypes studied. C. strictum (6x) and C. giganteum (6x) show close similarity to 6x types of C. album.     

河南隐孢子虫分离株的系统发生

以线粒体功能性蛋白替代氧化酶(alternative oxidase,AOX)为研究对象,对隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)分离株进行扩增和测序,并对测得的序列进行种系发育关系研究,以确定不同隐孢子虫分离株之间的进化关系,并以18SrRNA和HSP70基因构建的进化树作参照,评价AOX基因是否适合作隐孢子虫基因分型和进化关系分析的基因座。结果表明,在AOX序列构建的进化树上Cryptosporidum分为两大类:Cryptosporidium baileyi和C.meleagridis处于一个进化枝上,C.hominis、C.suis、C.parvum牛基因型和C.parvum鼠基因型处于另一个进化枝上。在C.parvum内,鼠基因型分离株和猪基因I型(即C.suis)分离株与牛基因型和人基因型(即C.hominis)在AOX基因序列上都存在着差异。鹌鹑源C.meleagridis分离株与禽源C.baileyi3个分离株在AOX基因序列的同源性显著高于前者与C.parvum的同源性,在进化树上C.meleagridis与C.baileyi的亲缘关系也较其与C.parvum密切。AOX基因不仅可作为隐孢子虫分离株种系发育的遗传标记,又为发现隐孢子虫新的遗传特性提供了一种途径。     

Genetic polymorphism of plastid DNA in Tunisian date-palm germplasm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) detected with PCR-RFLP

Fifteen plastid fragments were amplified from a set of Tunisian date-palm accessions by PCR with consensus primers and analysed by RFLP. Polymorphic DNA bands were obtained as reliable molecular markers to estimate genetic distances among the accessions and to examine their phylogenetic relationships. The ctDNA PCR-RFLP method permitted the identification of two haplotypes that differ in the presence or absence of the HinfI restriction site. Phenetic groups composed of cultivars clustered together but does not constitute monophyletic groups. This typology agrees with the haplotypes' organization and provides a common genetic background within the implied varieties.     

Analysis of Genetic Relationships among Turkish Cultivars and Breeding Lines of Lens culinatis Mestile Using RAPD Markers

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers were used to determine the genetic relationships among Turkish lentil cultivars and breeding lines. Fourteen cultivars and thirteen breeding lines were evaluated to determine genetic variability using nine random 10-mer primers (among 45 primers). Forty-one reproducible bands were obtained, 54% of which were polymorphic. Genetic distances among cultivars and breeding lines were obtained from the simple matching coefficients (SM). The lowest genetic distance was observed between the cultivars of Ali Dayi and Kafkas with 5.0%, while ‘Seyran-96’ and ‘Ozbek’ had the highest genetic distance with 58.3%. An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis was performed on the distance matrix using Phylip software. The dendrogram clearly showed two distinct groups. The first group is composed of Akm 565 and Akm 563. The second group contains all the cultivars and remaining eleven breeding lines.     

Crossability relationships between the common potato, Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum, and its wild diploid relatives S. kurtzianum and S. ruiz-lealii

The common potato, Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum (tbr), is a tetraploid species with a narrow genetic base, but with a large number of related species that harbor great genetic diversity for numerous characters of agronomic interest. S. kurtzianum (ktz) and S. ruiz-lealii (rzl) are wild diploid relatives with potential resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors. To evaluate if this wild germplasm can be incorporated by conventional crosses into the tbr gene pool, pollen-pistil compatibility relations and seed set in interspecific crosses with tbr were investigated. In 4x tbr × 2x ktz crosses and the reciprocals, 89% and 52.2% of genotypic combinations (respectively) were compatible at the pollen-pistil level. Seeds were obtained from some genotypic combinations in both directions of the cross, suggesting that functional 2n gametes might be produced by particular ktz genotypes. In 2x rzl × 4x tbr crosses and their reciprocals, 35% and 11.7% (respectively) of the genotypic combinations were compatible at the pollen-pistil level, but no seeds were obtained. These results indicate that the reproductive isolation between 4x tbr and 2x ktz is incomplete, and that gene exchange between them is feasible. Moreover, further studies will have to be carried out with rzl to ascertain its crossability with 4x tbr.     

论大学校报的新闻关系特征

从新闻关系上探讨了大学校报和一般社会性新闻媒体的区别 ,找出了大学校报独有的新闻关系特征 ,在此基础上为提高大学校报的质量提出了一些建议     

从中美关系的正常化看国家利益的作用

2 0世纪 70年代初出现了打开中美两国关系的历史性机会。毛泽东审时度势 ,在中美关系问题上作出了具有转折意义的重大战略决策 ,同美国有远见的政治家尼克松一道打开了封闭已久的中美关系大门。从国家利益出发 ,超越意识形态制定对外政策是中美关系得以正常化的关键。     

山东省海洋渔业产业集群复杂网络分析

选择《山东省统计年鉴》与互联网中山东省海洋渔业相关企业的数据,应用复杂网络相关理论和Pajek软件对山东省海洋渔业的网络统计特征进行了相关研究,并提出了相应的对策,即推进海洋生态建设与健全渔业资源管理体制。     

浙江地区不同寄主来源的炭疽菌ITS序列PCR-RFLP多态性分析

应用核糖体DNA (ribo-somal DNA,rDNA)的ITS( internal transcribed spacer,ITS)区的RFLP序列的多态性,分析32个不同寄主来源的炭疽菌株的遗传多样性.利用ITS1及ITS4通用引物对扩增各菌株的rDNA的内转录间隔区(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2)获得长约600 bp片段.ITS-RFLP共迁带UPGMA聚类分析的结果表明所有来自不同寄主的炭疽菌菌株(含福建及云南菌株)都以较高的相似系数(＞0.60)聚为一类,具有较近的 亲缘关系;同时试验中所有酶切位点的综合Gst系数达到0.82,说明不同菌株间的ITS具有丰富的多态性.