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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5-6):739-750
Abstract Nutrient‐release rates of controlled‐release fertilizer (CRF) with four different labeled release periods were evaluated. Samples (30 g) sealed with nylon mesh were buried at a clearcut forest site (Price soil series) in western Oregon, USA, in February 2000 and excavated every 7 weeks for 14 months to determine residual weight and composition. Cool, dry soil conditions apparently prolonged nutrient release beyond labeled rates; the fertilizer with the shortest release period (3–4 months) released approximately 72% of the fertilizer (by weight), whereas that with the longest release period (8–9 months) released 48%. Release varied among individual nutrients [nitrate (NO3)>ammonia (NH3)>potassium (K)>sulfur (S)>magnesium (Mg)>phosphorus (P)]. Minimal changes in micronutrient [iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo)] contents were attributed to the formation of insoluble compounds with P. Variable release among individual nutrients demonstrates a limitation toward delivering a full range of nutrients and suggests that further refinement of CRF technology is needed to optimize nutrient availability under realistic field conditions. 相似文献
74.
对古巴牛乳树盆栽苗进行不同浓度的NaC1预处理及热激预处理,探索其对低温下古巴牛乳树[Manilkara roxburghiana (Wight) Dubard]叶片色素的影响.结果表明:6‰NaC1预处理能有效缓解古巴牛乳树幼苗叶片受低温伤害,总叶绿素、叶绿素a及叶绿素b均较高于其它处理,此时盆土的实际盐度是3.70‰. 相似文献
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不同紫花苜蓿品种植株浸提液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的自毒效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以5个紫花苜蓿品种为浸提液提取材料,分别用不同浓度(0、10、30、50、70g/L)的根、茎、叶浸提液处理甘农3号紫花苜蓿种子及幼苗,研究不同处理对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:5个苜蓿品种植株浸提液对甘农3号种子萌发和幼苗生长具有明显自毒效应,其效应因苜蓿品种、器官和浸提液浓度不同而存在显著差异。同一品种、相同浓度下自毒效应强弱顺序为叶茎根;同一品种和器官的浸提液随着浓度的增大,甘农3号苜蓿种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均显著降低,胚根长、胚芽长及根系活力显著减小;随着浸提液浓度逐渐增大(10~70g/L),种子发芽势、发芽率的化感指数(RI)也逐渐增大(0.002 6~12.640 0),同时受抑制程度逐步增强,而且,叶浸提液对种子发芽势、发芽率抑制作用最强,根浸提液抑制作用最弱,茎浸提液抑制作用居中。同样的,随着浸提液浓度增大,幼苗的胚根长、胚芽长受抑制程度也逐步增大(1.3%~54.1%),其中根浸提液抑制率在1.3%~31.3%,茎浸提液抑制率在4.0%~34.1%,而浓度为50g/L叶浸提液抑制率达到54.1%,浓度为70g/L叶浸提液甚至致使苜蓿种子和幼苗腐烂或死亡,检测不到胚根长、胚芽长。不同苜蓿品种的自毒作用存在差异;同一苜蓿品种,根、茎、叶浸提液的自毒效应叶浸提液最强,其次为茎浸提液,根浸提液自毒效应最弱。苜蓿自毒作用会抑制种子萌发和幼苗的胚根、胚芽生长。 相似文献
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Surveys were conducted in the five southern rice-producing states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Texas in the United States during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to determine the distribution and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens associated with seedling blight in rice. A total of 349 pathogenic fungal isolates were collected and identified as belonging to four genera: Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp., Sclerotium rolfsii and Marasmius graminum based on morphological characteristics, molecular analysis and Koch's postulates. R. solani (252 out of 349 pathogenic isolates) was the most prevalent fungus isolated from diseased samples. Of the 252 pathogenic R. solani isolates, 245 were further classified as anastomosis group 11 (AG-11) and 7 as AG-4. Isolates of R. solani AG-4 and M. graminum were the most aggressive, with the highest stand loss (63% to 100%) and median disease rating (DR; 5.0), followed by isolates of R. solani AG-11 (stand loss = 4% to 100% and DR = 0.6 to 5.0), Fusarium spp. (stand loss = 26% to 48% and DR = 2.0 to 5.0) and S. rolfsii (stand loss = 33% to 48% and DR = 2.0 to 3.0) in causing seedling blight in rice. R. solani (62% to 83% of total pathogenic isolates) and Fusarium spp. (10% to 24% of total pathogenic isolates) were predominant in all the five states surveyed. S. rolfsii and M. graminum were present only in Louisiana and Texas. The results of this first systematic survey of rice seedling diseases in the southern United States will help develop effective fungicide seed treatment strategies for control of stand loss caused by seedling blight, one of the major factors limiting rice production. 相似文献
79.
为研究不同基因型大麦苗期对干旱胁迫的响应,挖掘优质抗旱的大麦种质资源,以4份不同基因型大麦(2个高抗品种ZDM5430和ZDM5458,2个干旱敏感型品种7DCADA和IL-12)为材料,利用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱条件,综合分析不同品种大麦的苗期抗旱性差异;并通过对不同品种根系进行PIPs实时定量分析,研究水通道蛋白AQPs基因与干旱胁迫之间的应答关系。结果表明,持续干旱胁迫会使大麦生长变缓,各处理苗长、根长、叶含水量和根含水量都呈下降趋势,其中,4个品种的大麦叶含水量在干旱胁迫14 d时下降最为显著,与对照相比,其降幅分别为29.14%、52.64%、21.67%和72.15%。干旱胁迫对大麦苗期干物质积累量和根冠比的影响较小,各处理间差异不显著;但持续干旱后,抗旱品种ZDM5430的根冠比呈上升趋势,在胁迫7、14、21 d时较CK分别增加了4.92%、42.86%和21.05%。随着胁迫时间的延长,大麦旗叶叶绿素含量和根系活力也呈下降趋势,其中ZDM5430和ZDM5458较对照组降幅较小,说明抗旱品种的形态指标、叶绿素含量及根系活力受干旱胁迫的影响较小。通过PIP... 相似文献
80.
It has been briefly studied and reported that Actinidia chinensis , one of economic woody plants, has been bred with the method of plant tissue culture. Aim at the shortage of traditional plant tissue culture ways which ignored the refinement and transplant of test-tube seedling, it strengthen the study to breeding and management of Actinidia chinensis seedlings before they grow up and become mature seedlings. Through our explore, the transplant survive rate of tissue-culture seedlings attain to about 85%.This study is the improvement to traditional breeding seedling means and it is helpful to the rapid propagation of those economic woody plants. 相似文献