饲用植物的民族植物学--内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗的研究案例

论述了原住民利用饲用植物资源的传统知识和经验的民族植物学研究价值，提出了我国饲用植物资源的民族植物学研究的主要内容，并以内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗的研究结果作了案例进行了深入的探讨。     

淮河流域(安徽段)主要湿地维管植物研究

淮河流域(安徽段)主要湖泊湿地维管植物有68科165属259种;科、属、种分别占全省维管植物科的30.2%、属的13.4%、种的7.1%。包含5种以上的11个较大科构成了淮河流域湿地植物的主体,其中禾本科和莎草科种类最多。区系分布区类型:蕨类植物主要有4种分布区类型,世界分布为主要类型;种子植物属有14种分布类型,其中温带分布类型占总属数的38.4%,该区湿地维管植物具有典型温带性质。湿地植物资源包括食品类,工业原料类,绿肥类,观赏类,环保类及种质资源类等。     

河南木通属(Akebia Decne.)药用植物资源初步研究

通过多年对河南省木通属药用植物资源种类、生境、分布的调查,查明了河南木通属药用植物有2种1亚种,介绍了其生药性状的鉴定方法,探讨了木通属植物的药用特性和应用价值,并提出了开发利用的建议.     

Evaluation of New Container Media for Aglaonema Production

Mandated processing of waste by‐products in the United States has inspired national interest in addressing the effectiveness of using composted biosolids and yard trimmings to grow containerized plants. Diamond bay Chinese evergreen (Aglaonema ‘Diamond Bay’) was transplanted in containers filled with one of eight formulated media (components added by volume). Medium 1 was a standard mix commonly used in Aglaonema production (5:2:3 peat–vermiculite–perlite); medium 2 was formulated on site to contain peat–bark–stalite–rice hulls–coir (2:2:3:1:2); media 3 and 4 contained 40% biosolid–yard waste compost instead of peat and with or without 20% stalite, respectively; and media 5, 6, 7, and 8 were commercially formulated to contain peat–bark–perlite–rice hulls–coir (4:1.5:2.5:1:1, 4:1.5:2.5:1:1, 4:2:2:1:1, and 3.0:2.5:2:1:1.5, respectively). Physical and chemical properties of the eight media were in ranges 50–65% container water‐holding capacity, 2.9–7.8% air‐filled porosity, 55–80% moisture (w/w), 0.11–0.37 g·cm³ bulk density, 0.34–0.96 g·cm³ particle density, 4.2–7.2 pH, 0.12–4.4 dS·m^?1 electrical conductivity (EC), 27.3–54.5 meg/100 g cation exchange capacity (CEC), 17.9–39.0% carbon (C), and 0.22–1.7% nitrogen (N). Medium 4 (40% compost) had 5.5 times more ammoniacal N (NH₄‐N) and 1.7 times more nitrate N (NO₃‐N) than that of the standard commercial mix. At week 8, plants grown in media 2 and 5 were 8.9% to 9.5% taller than plants grown in medium 1 (commercial standard). At week 16, there were no significant differences in plant heights or growth indices among media. At week 24, there were no significant differences in plant height, growth index, visual quality, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight among media. However, cumulative phosphorus (P) leaching from media 1, 4, and 5 was significantly more than leaching from media 2 and 8. This study suggests that compost may serve as a horticulturally suitable and cost‐effective alternative to peat‐based media for Aglaonema production.     

ISSR和SRAP标记技术在葫芦科植物种质资源研究中的应用

阐述了简单重复序列间扩增(ISSR)和相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)分子标记技术的基本原理和特点,综述与探讨了分子标记技术在葫芦科植物种质资源的亲缘关系鉴定与遗传多样性分析、分子遗传图谱的构建与目的性状基因的标记定位、基因库的构建和基因克隆、辅助育种选择及品种纯度鉴定等研究领域的广泛利用与推广,以期更合理高效地保护和利用葫芦科植物种质资源。     

Experimental Results on the Effects of Nonregular Spatial Patterns of Plants on Yield per Area

Based on several simplifying assumptions, a stochastic approach was developed which allows an estimation of the effects of nonregular spatial patterns of the distribution of individual plants on yield per area (F). In this approach, two random variables were attached to each plant: single plant yield (E) and individual space per plant (A). The latter was estimated by the area of Thiessen polygons. Yield per area was calculated theoretically by the expectation of the ratio E / A. Appropriate approximations of this expectation depend on the means (ē and ā), coefficients of variation (vE and vA) of E and A and their correlation (rEA). Yield per area can be decomposed into two additive terms: the first term gives the commonly used estimate ē/ā— or h(ā)/ā if a functional relationship between E and A is assumed: E = h(A). In this study, the two relationships E = k1 + k2 · ln A and E = A/(k3 + k4A) were used (with appropriately chosen constants k1, k2, k3, and k4). The second term in the decomposition of F can be interpreted as the effect of variable individual plant spaces on yield per area. In this paper, all theoretical concepts and results were applied to 17 experimental data sets of three cultivars of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Single plant yields (E) and individual plant areas (A) were positively correlated with correlation coefficients from 0.64 up to 0.91. The ranges for both coefficients of variation were similar: 0.27 ≤ vE ≤ 0.65 and 0.28 ≤ vA ≤ 0.59. One obtains no significant differences in the goodness-of-fit for both tested relationships between E and A although the logarithmic relationship seems to be slightly superior. For only three data sets one obtains negative values for the percentage of the second term in the decomposition of F. This indicates an overestimation of yield per area by the commonly used estimates h(ā)/ā and ē/ā, respectively. These overestimations, however, are less than 5 %. In all other cases with positive values for the second term the yield per area is underestimated by the common estimates. For almost all data sets, however, the percentages of F which are explained by the common estimates are much larger than 90 %.     

Irrigation Water Management for Efficient Water Use in Mulched Onion

Caused by the necessarily imperfect seed placement accuracy of sowing machines and, additionally, caused by many other biotic and abiotic factors, the resulting plant stands exhibit nonregular spatial distributions of its plants. Based on several simplifying assumptions, a stochastic approach is developed which allows an estimation of the effects of nonregular spatial patterns on yield per area. In this approach, two random variables are attached to each plant: single plant yield E and individual space A . The latter is estimated by the area of Thiessen polygons. Yield per area, calculated by the expectation of the ratio E/A , can be approximately expressed dependent on the means ( Ē and Ā ) and coefficients of variation ( v _E and v _A ) of E and A and their correlation ( r _EA ). In relation to the commonly used estimate Ē/Ā for yield per area, one obtains yield decreases if v _A / v _E  <  r _EA . This inequality, however, will be usually valid in the field of applications. The theoretical approaches and results were applied to three experimental data sets for drilled seeds of winter oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) (plant density: 60 plants m⁻², row distance: 10 cm). These data sets are characterized by different accuracies of longitudinal distributions within rows (58 %, 101 %, 150 %): yield depression increases with an increasing variability of plant distances within rows.     

柚矮化病的品种感病性调查

以特征性症状春梢叶片扭曲畸形和枝条茎陷点为诊断依据，调查结果表明，５５个柚类品种中有２２个发病，占调查品种数的４０％；２８个沙田柚砧穗组合中有２２个发病，占调查砧穗组合数的７８．５％。以沙田柚实生苗和酸柚实生苗作指示植物，对温州蜜柑上的类似矮化病的叶片扭曲症状进行鉴定的结果，指示植物上表现出与接种沙田柚矮化病病原的指示植物相似的春梢叶片扭曲及茎陷点症状。     

浅谈药用植物在现代园林中的独特应用

通过对药用植物的独特性能及其代表植物的介绍,提出了其独特的园林应用优势,并就其在园林绿化景观中的应用形式和配置方法进行阐述。     

高等植物小孢子胚胎发生的细胞和分子生化机制研究进展

小孢子胚胎发生的细胞学研究已取得了显著进展,并分离鉴定出一些小孢子胚胎发生表达的胚胎专一基因,但小孢子胚胎发生的机理尚未完全明确。综述了高等植物小孢子胚胎发生的细胞学以及分子和生物化学方面的最新研究进展,旨为进一步揭示小孢子的胚胎发生机理提供十分有用的信息。