Root size,distribution and soil water depletion as affected by cultivars and environmental factors

Field experiments were carried out in two parts at the Luancheng Experimental Station in the North China Plain. Part I, which was a continuous experiment that ran from 1990 to 2008, investigated the change of grain yield, evapotranspiration (ET), root size and soil water utilization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under three water regimes (rain-fed, two and four irrigation applications). Part II used 10 cultivars released from 1970 to 2000 that were grown under the same condition for two seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) to compare root size, root:shoot ratio and soil water depletion (SWD). The results of testing in Part I showed that the yield and ET of winter wheat gradually increased from 1990 to the present. There was no consistent change in total root length (TRL) over time. The difference in root size among seasons and irrigation treatments mainly occurred in the upper soil profile, where the root length density (RLD) was greater. No direct relationship was found between root size and soil water use. Thus, TRL was not a factor that indicated the water extracting capacity of crops. The results from Part II revealed that the seasonal ET of earlier released cultivars (ERC) was similar to that of recently released cultivars (RRC) under well-watered conditions. However, ET was slightly increased from ERC to RRC under water deficit conditions, indicating high soil water depletion by RRC. TRL decreased from ERC to RRC and was significantly correlated with plant height. The breeding of winter wheat that reduced plant height not only increased harvest index, but also reduced root size, resulting in a smaller root:shoot ratio. The reduction in TRL from ERC to RRC mainly occurred in the top soil profile. The results from both tests indicate that TRL is not a factor that determines soil water use; rather, the distribution of RLD along the soil profile plays more important role in soil water utilization. Smaller root size in the upper soil layer did not affect soil water uptake, and might be more economical in terms of production efficiency.     

露地花椰菜优质高产施肥技术

花椰菜是辽西地区主要蔬菜之一,露地栽培面积较大,但农民在栽培管理上尤其在施肥管理上还存在一些不合理现象.针对施肥问题,从育苗、整地、栽植、生长期等不同方面阐述了合理的施肥方法.即根据土壤养分状况、花椰菜需肥规律,提出不同生长时期的施肥方法,包括培育壮苗肥、施足基肥、少施栽苗肥、不同生长期追肥及叶面喷肥等.通过合理施肥,...     

高梁组织培养研究进展

随着植物基因工程的发展,高粱的遗传转化已由理论研究转向应用研究,而高粱组织培养是遗传转化中的一个基础而重要的环节。论述了近年来高粱组织培养及植株再生方面的研究进展。     

Quercetin Promotes Auxin Transport in Arabidopsis thaliana

Study on the role of quercentin in polar auxin transportation. Arabidopsis was cultured on medium supplemented with quercetin to observe the growth of hypocotyls, 14C-IAA transport assays were conducted to measure the auxin transport activity. The results showed that Arabidopsis mutant auxl which had been deficient in auxin influx transportion obviously recovered the ability after cultured on the medium with quercetin. The polar auxin transport was promoted by the addition of quercetin. These results indicated that quereetin could promote polar auxin transport in vivo.     

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in Tomato Seedling

Utilization of organic nitrogen （N） is an important aspect of plant N assimilation and has potential application in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the plant growth, C and N accumulation in leaves and roots of tomato seedlings in response to inorganic （NH4^＋-N, NO3^-N） and organic nitrogen （Gly-N）. Different forms of nitrogen （NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N, Gly-N） were supplied to two tomato cultivars （Shenfen 918 and Huying 932） using a hydroponics system. The plant dry biomass, chlorophyll content, root activity, total carbon and nitrogen content in roots and leaves, and total N absorption, etc. were assayed during the cultivation. Our results showed that no significant differences in plant height, dry biomass, and total N content were found within the first 16 d among three treatments; however, significant differences in treatments on 24 d and 32 d were observed, and the order was NO3^--N 〉 Gly-N 〉 NH4^＋-N. Significant differences were also observed between the two tomato cultivars. Chlorophyll contents in the two cultivars were significantly increased by the Gly-N treatment, and root activity showed a significant decrease in NHa^＋-N treatment. Tomato leaf total carbon content was slightly affected by different N forms; however, total carbon in root and total nitrogen in root and leaf were promoted significantly by inorganic and organic N. Among the applied N forms, the increasing effects of the NH4^＋-N treatment were larger than that of the Gly-N. In a word, different N resources resulted in different physiological effects in tomatoes. Organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） can be a proper resource of plant N nutrition. Tomatoes of different genotypes had different responses under organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） supplies.     

Application of Current Hapten in the Production of Broad Specificity Antibodies Against Organophosphorus Pesticides

Diethylphosphono acetic acid （DPA） was used as a current hapten to generate broad specificity polycolonal antibodies against a group of organophosphorus pesticides. Six New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with immunogens synthesized by the active ester method （AEM） or 1-ethyl-3-（3-dimethylaminopropyl）-carbodimide method （EDC）. The titers of antisera reached 25 600 by AEM and 6 400 by EDC, respectively. Polyclonal antibodies raised against DPA were screened and selected for the competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （CI-ELISA）. A CI-ELISA for DPA was developed with a detection limit of 3.536 ng mL^-1and an I50 value of 0.182 μg mL^-1. The assay specificity was evaluated by obtaining competitive curves for several structurally related compounds as competitors. The antiserum showed high affinities to chlorpyrifos, diazinon, omethoate, parathion-ethyl and profenofos with I50 of 0.12, 0.15, 0.21, 0.88, 0.97 and 2.5 μg mL^-1, respectively. The results indicate that the assay could be a screening tool for quantitation and semiquantitation determination of the above former five organophosphorus pesticides.     

橘小实蝇个体食量测定

橘小实蝇在有选择取食的情况下更倾向于倒挂取食,在无选择性取食的情况下位置对取食无影响(P>0.05).橘小实蝇对染料的排空试验结果表明,甲酚红和荧光素钠在4 h内即可到达后肠,通过染料J-管技术测得橘小实蝇取食量在2 h内就能达到最大,所以在测定橘小实蝇食量时饲喂时间以2 h为宜.染料J-管技术测定结果表明:3日龄和6日龄雌雄橘小实蝇2 h内个体食量分别为(4.0412±0.3348)、(3.4409±0.1132)、(5.6543±0.2852)、(4.6808±0.2654)g.     

连作对设施黄瓜产量和品质及土壤酶活性的影响

【目的】揭示黄瓜产生连作障碍的机理,为设施蔬菜的可持续发展和减轻连作障碍提供参考依据。【方法】在日光温室内进行田间试验,以露地玉米地土壤为对照,研究不同连作年限(4,5,8和12年)下黄瓜产量和品质及土壤酶活性的变化。【结果】随着黄瓜连作年限的增加,黄瓜产量、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量均下降,硝酸盐含量上升,土壤呼吸强度降低,土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性均呈先上升后降低的趋势;随着黄瓜生长季节的变化,土壤脲酶活性呈先上升后降低再升高的趋势,土壤蔗糖酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和土壤呼吸强度均呈先上升后降低的趋势。【结论】随着连作年限的延长,设施黄瓜的产量和品质均下降,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

基于电子邮件的参考咨询服务探析

电子邮件作为图书馆与读者间非常受欢迎的交流工具,在网络时代可为参考咨询工作开辟新路.本文明确了电子邮件参考服务的重要性,讨论其在参考咨询中的应用范围及优缺点,并提出开展电子邮件参考服务的方法和问题.     

江淮地区涝渍灾害分析

摘要：涝渍灾害是江淮地区农作物生育期间的主要农业气象灾害之一。江淮地区涝渍灾害发生频繁,危害作物多,受灾范围广,对生产建设和人民生活造成巨大困难和损失,严重制约着该地区农业和经济的可持续发展。本文对江淮地区涝渍灾害的特点和致灾原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的防涝防渍措施。