A spatial linkage between dams and non-native fish species in Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract –  The native and non-native freshwater fish species richness as well as the proportion of native fish species to overall fish species were examined to test a hypothesis of a spatial linkage between the distributions of dams and non-native fishes based on survey data collected in rivers and streams in Hokkaido, Japan. Non-native fish species have steadily increased in Hokkaido since the mid 1970s, as indicated by the decreasing proportion of native fish species per fish survey. Non-native species richness was significantly higher in areas above dams (i.e., reservoirs and their inlet streams) compared to areas without dams. As a result, the proportion of native fish species was lower above dams. This proportion was lower in developed and agricultural areas compared with forest areas, although both native and non-native species richness were higher in areas with development and agriculture. Non-native cyprinids, catfish and snakehead occurred primarily in a particular river basin with the largest drainage area, the longest history of reclamation and highest human population in the island. Non-native salmonids on the other hand, occurred in forest areas at higher elevations and their occurrence was associated with the existence of dams. There was a spatial linkage between the distribution of dams and non-native species, although it was applicable only to salmonids. The management of dams and reservoirs needs a strategy to prevent further expansion of exotic salmonids such as rainbow and brown trout. These species can be a significant threat to native Japanese salmonids as a result of various biological mechanisms.     

邓恩桉在福建南平不同海拔区的生长调查

对延平区三乡镇邓恩桉遭遇两次历史低温后生长情况进行调查分析,结果表明不同海拔高度对邓恩桉生长影响显著。邓恩桉新造林对持续的低温很敏感,成林后其耐寒能力大大增强,但海拔较高的地区种植邓恩桉其蓄积量小于当地杉木、马尾松的蓄积量,这与邓恩桉本身的生物学特性有关。邓恩桉在海拔≤260m、土层厚≥80cm的Ⅰ、Ⅱ类缓坡地生长状态好,4a生邓恩桉平均蓄积量达31.8m3·hm-2。     

Dynamic model for the effects of K fertilizer on crop growth, K-uptake and soil-K in arable cropping. 2. Field test of the model

Abstract. The validity of the model described in Greenwood & Karpinets (1997) was tested against the results of single year, multi level K fertilizer experiments. Measurements of plant mass, %K in the plant and K activity ratio in soil had been made at harvest and at intervals during the growing season on spring wheat, summer cabbage and turnips. Reasonably good agreement was obtained between these measurements and simulated values when the two 'crop' parameters (defining the dependence of critical and maximum possible %K on plant mass) were adjusted for each crop. Also good agreement was generally obtained for plant weight and plant %K at harvest in less detailed experiments on 10 other crops. Values of the two 'crop' parameters for 12 of the crops were strongly correlated with one another suggesting that a single 'crop' parameter may be all that is required to define most inter-species differences in plant-K demand.
Simulations with the model indicate that, in central England, no response of 10 crops to K fertilizer would be likely on soils containing more than 170 mg of 1 M ammonium nitrate extractable-K/kg of soil and having clay contents of between 15 and 45%. Shortcomings of the model and opportunities for advance are discussed.
A simplified version of the model runs on the Internet at: http://www.qpais.co.uk/moda-djg/potass.htm     

角速度计检测信号数字滤波处理的研究

我们曾采用压电式陀螺仪角速度计检测行走车辆的角速度。但由于行走车发动机的振动、路面不平等因素的影响，在获得的信号中混有噪声，因而存在一定的误差。为了提高检测信号精度，有必要消除器器声。我们针对上述问题，采用数字滤波的软件实现方法来消除噪声，提高检测精度。对由实验所获得的数据进行了有、无数字滤波处理的对比分析，获得了较好的结果。这表明本研究通过软件的方法，既提高了检测精度，又降低了硬件成本。     

图书馆数字资源整合探析

文章通过对目前图书馆在资源建设中存在的主要问题进行了分析，并对资源整合的现有模式、存在的难点以及对资源整合研究中的问题，应采取推进的措施进行了论述。     

新型换流变压器谐波模型及其配套滤波装置设计

阐述了新型换流变压器及其滤波系统的接线方案和谐波抑制机理.建立了新型换流变压器谐波模型,分析计算了新型换流变压器各绕组的谐波电流分布,实验验证了该模型的正确性.对直流输电开发平台进行了滤波装置实例设计,仿真和实验结果基本一致.证明了新型换流变压器及其滤波系统原理正确,滤波效果好,平台参数选择合理,新系统具有良好的应用前景.     

知识共享(CC)与数字图书馆的合作

版权问题一直制约着数字图书馆的发展,知识共享许可协议的使用可以帮助数字图书馆平衡版权保护和知识传播之间的关系.本文就知识共享(CC)与数字图书馆的合作进行了探讨.     

网络信息组织方法

本文介绍了应用于网络信息组织众多方法中比较常用的四种：数字化图书馆、主题网关、书目控制、信息网格。     

数字化人体模型在车身逆向布置中的应用

以人体参数为依据建立的数字化人体模型能有效的描述人体的形态特性.本文在CATIA人机工程模块中,建立了人群文件,生成自定义的三维数字化人体模型。在此基础上建立了满足不同百分位需求的参数化人体模型。以某汽车为对象,根据SAE标准,综合考虑了踏板行程、汽车视野和上下肢舒适性等因素对驾驶员的影响,最终得到满足各种约束的驾驶员最佳舒适性H点区域。论文研究为针对不同地区人群特性对车型进行逆向开发和逆向布置提供了很好的参考。     

基于ICA和DWT的数字水印算法研究

研究了小波变换域在低频子带嵌入数字水印的效果、水印嵌入因子对宿主图像质量和提取水印图像质量的影响,研究表明：存在嵌入因子阈值T,在嵌入因子小于T时提取的水印图像有较好的质量,是一种非常有效的数字水印算法.