A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of 2-(l-menthoxy)ethanol in F344 rats

2-(l-Menthoxy)ethanol has been frequently employed as a flavoring agent; however, data regarding 2-(l-menthoxy)ethanol toxicity remain limited. We performed a 13-week subchronic toxicity study of 2-(l-menthoxy)ethanol in male and female F344 rats, with doses of 0, 15, 60, or 250 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day orally administered by gavage using corn oil as the vehicle. No significant toxicological changes in general condition, body weight, or food intake were observed in any groups. The hematological assessment showed decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin and increased platelet count in the male 250 mg/kg group. Serum biochemistry revealed elevated total cholesterol in the 250 mg/kg group of male and female rats, reduced triglyceride in the female 250 mg/kg group, and increased total protein in the male 250 mg/kg group, indicating effects on lipid metabolism and protein synthesis. For organ weights, absolute and relative weights of the liver and adrenal glands were increased in the 250 mg/kg group of both sexes and the male 250 mg/kg group, respectively. Histopathological analysis showed chronic nephropathy in the male 15 mg/kg or higher groups, with increased absolute and relative kidney weights, as well as elevated serum creatinine, in the male 60 and 250 mg/kg groups. However, eosinophilic granules containing α_2u-globulin were identified in proximal tubules, suggesting α_2u-globulin nephropathy specific to male rats and without toxicological significance. These results indicated that the no-observed-adverse-effect level of 2-(l-menthoxy)ethanol was 60 mg/kg BW/day for both sexes.     

卡尔费休法在大米水分测定中的应用

[目的]探寻一种可以准确、快速地测定大米中水分含量的方法。[方法]采用卡尔费休水分仪测定大米中的水分含量,并将其测定结果与国标的检测方法直接干燥法测定大米中水分含量的结果进行比较。[结果]试验表明,卡尔费休法测定的大米中水分含量与国标法的测定结果无显著性差异,且重现性好、操作方便快捷,可用于大米中水分的分析检测。[结论]研究可为大米中水分的日常检测提供参考依据。     

复混肥料中游离水含量的两种测定方法比较

复混肥料中游离水含量的测定方法通常采用卡尔·费休法或真空烘箱法 ,用卡尔·费休法测定时又可选用不同的萃取剂。本文用上述方法对不同原料组成的复混肥料中游离水含量进行比较测定 ,以说明各种方法的适用范围     

云杉大黑天牛测报及防治的研究

云杉大黑天牛是鞘翅目,天牛科,是我区木材的主要害虫。此种害虫在贮木场,采伐迹地等危害甚烈。我们利用有效积温预测法,历期预测法较为准确的对卵期、幼虫期以及对各个虫态的发生时间及始盛期、高峰期等进行了预报。在此基础上,我们对成虫进行了化学药剂击避及灭卵防治收到很好的防治效果,木材损失率降低了9.7％,木材等级有了提高。     

Neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma of the small intestine in an F344 rat

An intestinal mass was found in the border area of the jejunum and ileum of a 110-week-old male F344 rat. Histopathologically, the mass protruded into the lumen and was covered with intestinal epithelium, exhibiting a normal architecture. The lesion was located in the submucosa and consisted of loose connective tissue, smooth muscle, scattered ganglion cells, and blood vessels of various sizes. Although these components showed an irregular and disordered structure, no cellular atypia, increased proliferation activity, or invasive growth to adjacent tissues were detected. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that smooth muscle, ganglion, and endothelial cells were positive for α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, S-100, and CD34 and von Willebrand factor, respectively, indicating maturation of these cells. Thus, the mass was diagnosed as a neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma of the small intestine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of lesion in rodents.     

国外生物液体燃料发展和示范工程综述及其启示

概述了国内外利用农林废弃木质纤维素、能源作物和生活垃圾等生物质制备生物液体燃料的发展现状和工程进展动态,着重讨论了美国、巴西、欧洲、加拿大等国促进生物液体燃料发展的政策和法规,介绍了各国在纤维素乙醇、油脂加氢、气化-费托合成液态烃等生物液体燃料制备技术的大型运行及在建工程装置,分析了中国该领域的基础,分析了生物液体燃料发展中存在的主要障碍,如原料成本高及供给不确定,高生产成本及政策不确定性。提出继续研发高效的生物液体燃料技术路线、加大中试和示范工厂建设和投入、开展生物液体燃料生产企业与航空公司及与传统能源化工公司的合作等促进其未来发展的建议与方向。同时应立足国情,加强国家层面的生物液体燃料使用目标,完善政策保障,建立反映各类能源环境成本的能源价格和税收制度,为生物液体燃料能源产业发展建立公平的竞争环境。     

新疆特有野生花卉-鸢尾蒜属分布现状及种子特性

【目的】研究鸢尾蒜属植物种子萌发特性,结合鸢尾蒜(Ixiolirion tataricum(Pallas)Herbert)和准噶尔鸢尾蒜(I.songaricum P. Yan)的地理分布进行分析,为合理保育、开发和利用该属植物提供技术参考。【方法】查阅数字标本馆标本,相关植物志分析,对比该属植物物种发表过程、地理分布,室内萌发试验观察鸢尾蒜种子特性及萌发特征。【结果】新鲜成熟的鸢尾蒜种子具有形态生理休眠,其种子萌发对光和温度及其交互作用敏感,并且种子萌发率在全黑暗条件显著高于光照条件,低温条件(15℃/5℃)高于其他变温条件,恒温14℃全黑暗条件下种子萌发率最高。【结论】新鲜成熟的鸢尾蒜种子在早春萌发,可通过低温层积来打破种子形态生理休眠。     

慧鱼创意组合模型在机器人技术实验教学中的实践与应用

慧鱼组合模型提供了机器人结构和软件设计平台,是机器人实验教学的良好载体。采用慧鱼创意组合模型构建气动机械手,阐述总体结构方案与工艺流程,采用ROBO Pro软件编程实现对气动机械手的控制。该方案可运用到机器人课程创新实验等实践中,提高学生的实践能力与创新能力。     

Acute Phase Pulmonary Responses to a Single Intratracheal Spray Instillation of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles in Fischer 344 Rats

Iron nanomaterials are of considerable interest for application to nanotechnology-related fields including environmental catalysis, biomedical imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia, because of their superparamagnetic characteristics and high catalytic abilities. However, information about potential risks of iron nanomaterials is limited. The present study assessed pulmonary responses to a single intratracheal spray instillation of triiron tetraoxide nanoparticles (magnetite) in rats. Ten-week-old male and female Fischer 344 rats (n=5/group) were exposed to a single intratracheal spray instillation of 0 (vehicle), 5.0, 15.0 or 45.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) of magnetite. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed, and biological consequences were investigated. The lung weights of the 15.0 and 45.0 mg/kg BW male and female groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups. The lungs of treated rats showed enlargement and black patches originating from the color of magnetite. The typical histopathological changes in the lungs of the treated rats included infiltration of macrophages phagocytosing magnetite, inflammatory cell infiltration, granuloma formation and an increase of goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. The results clearly show that instilled magnetite causes foreign body inflammatory and granulating lesions in the lung. These pulmonary responses occur in a dose-dependent manner in association with the increase in lung weight.     

Long-term Pulmonary Responses to Quadweekly Intermittent Intratracheal Spray Instillations of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles for 52 Weeks in Fischer 344 Rats

Information about potential risks of iron nanomaterials is still limited, while a wide variety of applications are expected. We recently reported acute phase responses of male and female Fischer 344 rats after a single intratracheal spray instillation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (magnetite), clearly showing dose-dependent pulmonary inflammatory changes (Tada et al., J Toxicol Pathol 25, 233–239, 2012). The present study assessed long-term responses of male and female Fischer 344 rats to multiple administrations of magnetite. Ten-week-old male and female Fischer 344 rats (n=20/group) were exposed to a total of 13 quadweekly intermittent intratracheal spray instillations of magnetite during the experimental period of 52 weeks, at doses of 0, 0.2 (low), 1.0 (medium) and 5.0 (high-dose) mg/kg body weight per administration. Absolute and relative lung weights of the high-dose group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Macroscopically, slight enlargement and scattered black patches were recognized in the lungs and the lung-associated lymph nodes of the high-dose group. Histopathologically, infiltration of macrophages phagocytosing magnetite (all dose groups) and of chronic inflammatory cells (medium- and high-dose males and high-dose females), alveolar bronchiolization and granuloma (high-dose group) were observed. In addition, alveolar hyperplasias were observed in some rats of the high-dose group, and cytoplasmic overexpression of β-catenin protein was immunohistochemically found in such lesions. The present results clearly show that instilled magnetite causes chronic inflammatory responses in the lung. These responses occur in a dose-dependent manner without apparent differences among sexes