库姆塔格沙漠及周边地表覆被变化监测

[目的]研究库姆塔格沙漠及周边区域地表覆被变化状况。[方法]通过遥感技术对库姆塔格沙漠及周边区域的地表覆被变化状况进行监测,并对该区1990年代、2000年代和2010年代的TM影像进行处理和分类,而后应用ArcGis软件对3期数据进行对比分析。[结果](1)该地区植被面积一直在增长,但仍然占很小比重,戈壁与裸地则占很大比重;(2)沙漠面积经历一个先增长后减少的过程,总体仍是增长;(3)湿地的稳定性最差,湿地的变动取决于水分的积聚与流失。[结论]人类已经着手改善该地生态环境,并取得一定效果。山地和库姆塔格沙漠南缘是绿化和防沙治沙的重点区域。     

高速公路弃土场的水土流失监测及其生态治理

高速公路弃土场边坡的生态治理是公路建设环境保护的重要内容。在京珠高速公路粤境南段弃土场开展水土流失监测研究,探讨了弃土场的水土流失及其生态治理的水土保持效果。结果表明,弃土场水土流失剧烈,侵蚀模数平均为3.24×10^4t/（km^2·a）,边坡沟蚀现象明显。采用香根草（Vetiveria zizaniodes）生态护坡技术治理弃土场边坡水土流失,水土保持效果显著,坡面土壤流失量比对照小区减少92.24%,边坡稳定,在一定程度上可代替浆砌片石骨架植草护坡措施。因此,高速公路弃土场的水土流失生态治理可大力推广应用香根草生态护坡技术。     

沪蓉西高速公路弃土场渣体侵蚀特征——以宜(昌)至长(阳)段为例

随着我国高速公路的迅速发展，由此形成的水土流失已成为突出的环境问题。为探讨高速公路建设期间弃土场渣体侵蚀规律，在沪蓉西高速公路宜长段Ⅰ标区弃土场布设观测小区进行定位观测和分析研究。结果表明：（1）降雨量与弃土场渣体侵蚀量呈显著的正相关关系。在不考虑影响坡面渣体侵蚀其它因素前提下，随降雨量的增大，渣体侵蚀量逐渐加大。（2）研究区堆渣体沟蚀发生严重，局部坡面渣体侵蚀量高达92848t／km^2。调查发现沟深下切深度基本在40cm以内，受坡面汇水面积影响，从坡上到坡脚，堆渣侵蚀量逐渐加大。     

Bird communities, roads and development: prospects and constraints of applying empirical models

Our objectives were to explain the prospects and constraints of applying empirical models that relate bird community metrics to broad-scale characteristics of roads and development. We explored the practical value of regression models that were derived for a large protected area in the Chihuahuan Desert. These models related bird species richness, relative abundance, or probability of occurrence to total length of roads within each of two spatial extents (1- and 2-km radii), distance to the nearest road, distance to the nearest development, or the two-way interactions of these variables. Empirical models can be used to inform conservation decisions, to parameterise simulation models for conservation planning, to identify threshold levels of road and development variables, and to determine the focus of management experiments for confirmatory hypothesis testing and improvement of model realism.     

高速公路绿化作用的博弈分析

高速公路的绿化在空间景观、生态及经济效应和心理调节及安全上发挥着重要作用,但是高速公路的建设以及绿化是一种人工的景观,某种程度上影响了原有生态环境。论文通过综合分析高速公路绿化正、反两方面的效应,具体探讨了高速公路绿化的作用。     

Longterm influence of liquid sewage sludge on the organic carbon and nitrogen content of a furrow-irrigated desert soil

Summary In this study we evaluated the impact of five annual liquid sewage-sludge applications on the organic C and N content of a furrow-irrigated desert soil. Mineralization rates showed that sludge organic matter is mineralized rapidly (65% per year). Resistant residual sludge organic matter accumulation resulted in a theoretical increase in total soil organic C of 0.013% for the single sludge rate or 0.038% for three annual applications. These small additions were not detected in sludged soils at any depth to 270 cm. Similarly, increases in total soil N were not detected at any depth. However, soluble forms of organic C and N did increase in sludged soils relative to the non-sludged soils. In addition, soluble C:N ratios decreased significantly in the sludged soils. Soluble C and N also increased with depth due to leaching. This study therefore shows that applications of liquid sludge onto desert soils could affect the status of underground aquifers with respect to nitrate pollution.     

科尔沁沙地系统开发研究--以奈曼旗为例

本文以奈曼旗为例，用生态经济学原理与系统工程的方法研究沙地综合开发，从宏观上以生态环境与社会经济协调发展为指导，进行整体战略研究；从微观上在不同类型地区和不同层次进行优化模式试点，并实施了六大生态工程，进行了六大开发，取得了较好的社会、经济和生态效益。     

塔里木沙漠公路沿线沙丘的化学特征研究

对塔里木沙漠公路沿线不同立地类型沙丘化学性质特征进行了初步研究 ,通过分析测定 ,结果表明 :沙漠公路沿线的沙丘上 ,盐分和养分含量均差异较小 ,但普遍较低 ,盐分中主要离子平均值均小于 0 .5 0 % ,总盐均值也仅为 1.0 4 % ,而有机质均值为 5 .36 g·kg-1;pH值均在 8～ 9之间 ,基本上维持了中性偏碱的特点。     

从磴口县生态环境建设与移民工程看乌兰布和沙漠的治理与开发

磴口县沙漠治理与开发有着较长的历史和丰富的经验教训，近年来所开展的生态环境建设及移民工程，对沙漠的扰动表现出了正向与逆向两个结果。乌兰布和沙漠独特的自然环境，决定了其开发与治理必须相互依存，相辅相成，治理与开发要因地制宜，因害设防。     

沙漠地区公路植物防沙体系维护技术及效益分析——以G304国道公路植物防沙体系维护技术为例

本文以G304国道公路为例,选择典型路段K456-459km和K466-468km(通辽市科左后旗境内)为试验区,研究了公路路域范围内防护体系存在的问题及解决办法。认为植物种单调、防护体系结构不完善,自我调节能力弱、稳定性差是影响防护体系效益的主要原因,提出封育、人工补植、加强管护是调节林分结构、完善防护林网、保证沙漠地区公路畅通的主要措施。维护后防沙体系稳定性明显增加,并有效地降低了风速,增加了地表粗糙度,削弱了风沙流强度,达到了阻截流沙,控制沙害、保证公路畅通的目的。