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101.
María Vanessa Lencinas Guillermo Martínez Pastur Emilce Gallo Juan Manuel Cellini 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Alternative silvicultural approaches to timber management, such as regeneration treatments with different degrees of stand retention, may mitigate negative effects of clear-cutting or shelterwood cuts in forested ecosystems, including changes in old-growth forest bird communities. The aims of this work were: (a) to compare bird species richness and densities among different silvicultural designs with variable retention (dispersed and/or aggregated) and unmanaged primary forests, and (b) to assess temporal changes at community and species levels before and after treatments. A baseline avian survey was conducted prior to harvesting to evaluate canopy gap presence and forest stand site quality influences. Subsequent to harvesting, data on bird species richness and density were collected by point-count sampling during the summer season for 5 consecutive years (4 treatments × 5 years × 6 sampling points × 5 counts). Bird species richness and density (15 species and 9.2 individuals ha−1) did not change significantly with forest site quality of the stands and canopy gap presence in unmanaged forests. However, both variables were significantly modified in managed forests, increasing over time to 18 species and reaching to 39 individuals ha−1. Inside the aggregated retention, bird communities were more similar to unmanaged primary forests than those observed within the dispersed retention or in clear-cuts. Opting for a regeneration method with dispersed and aggregated retention has great potential for managing birds in Nothofagus pumilio forests. This method retained enough vegetation structure in a stand to permit the establishment of early successional birds (at least in dispersed retention), and to maintain the bird species of old-growth forests which could persisted in the retention aggregates. 相似文献
102.
Magdalena Main-Knorn Patrick Hostert Jacek Kozak Tobias Kuemmerle 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Forests that encompass the border triangle of Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia currently suffer from centuries of inadequate forest management strategies, including overexploitation during the countries’ respective communist regimes and high stress levels due to airborne emissions from heavy industry. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain, each country has approached forest monitoring, protection and the improvement of forest conditions in its own way. Spaceborne remote sensing of forest changes across country borders offers great potential for better understanding the underlying drivers of change and for developing comparable indicators between countries. 相似文献
103.
D.B. Lindenmayer J.T. Wood D. Michael M. Crane C. MacGregor R. Montague-Drake L. McBurney 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
A relatively common observation in forest environments has been that gullies support higher species richness and individual abundance than elsewhere in the landscape. We completed a detailed case study of birds to contrast species richness and assemblage composition between gullies and other parts of the topography of landscapes in three closely related and spatially adjacent wet ash forest types – those dominated by Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans), Alpine Ash (E. delegatensis) or Shining Gum (E. nitens) – in the Central Highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. We also quantified the influence of a wide range of other measures of stand structure and plant species composition on the bird assemblage and on individual bird species. 相似文献
104.
To understand the influence of disturbance, age–class structure, and land use on landscape-level carbon (C) budgets during conversion of old-growth forests to managed forests, a spatially explicit, retrospective C budget from 1920 through 2005 was developed for the 2500 ha Oyster River area of Fluxnet-Canada's coastal BC Station. We used the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3), an inventory-based model, to simulate forest C dynamics. A current (circa 1999) forest inventory for the area was compiled, then overlaid with digitized historic disturbance maps, a 1919 timber cruise map, and a series of historic orthophotographs to generate a GIS coverage of forest cover polygons with unique disturbance histories dating back to 1920. We used the combined data from the historic and current inventory and forest change data to first estimate initial ecosystem C stocks and then to simulate forest dynamics and C budgets for the 86-year period. In 1920, old-growth forest dominated the area and the long-term landscape-level net ecosystem C balance (net biome productivity, NBP) was a small sink (NBP 0.2 Mg C ha−1 year−1). From 1930 to 1945 fires, logging, and slash burning resulted in large losses of biomass C, emissions of C to the atmosphere, and transfers of C from biomass to detritus and wood products (NBP ranged from −3 to −56 Mg C ha−1 year−1). Live biomass C stocks slowly recovered following this period of high disturbance but the area remained a C source until the mid 1950s. From 1960 to 1987 disturbance was minimal and the area was a C sink (NBP ranged from 3 to 6 Mg C ha−1 year−1). As harvest of second-growth forest began in late 1980s, disturbances again dominated the area's C budget, partially offset by ongoing C uptake by biomass in recovering young forests such that the C balance varied from positive to negative depending upon the area disturbed that year (NBP from 6 to −15 Mg C ha−1 year−1). Despite their high productivity, the area's forests are not likely to attain C densities of the landscape prior to industrial logging because the stands will not reach pre-logging ages. Additional work is underway to examine the relative role historic climate variability has had on the landscape-level C budget. 相似文献
105.
【目的】研究四明山国家森林公园游客游憩动机类型及差异,为四明山国家森林公园旅游产品升级转型提供科学依据。【方法】采用问卷调查法对四明山国家森林公园游客游憩动机进行实地调研,利用SPSS22.0软件对问卷调查结果开展描述统计分析、探索性因子分析、均值计算、独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析,使用AMOS21.0软件进行验证性因子分析。【结果】四明山国家森林公园游客的5个游憩动机均值表现为健康放松4.37>社会交往4.03>学习教育3.96>自我实现3.86>逃避压力3.79;不同学历游客在逃避压力动机上存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同职业游客在学习教育、自我实现以及逃避压力动机上均存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同家庭年收入的游客在学习教育、社会交往及健康放松动机上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。【结论】健康放松是四明山国家森林公园游客体验森林游憩活动的首要驱动因素,其次为社会交往、学习教育和自我实现,而逃避压力位居最后。在维护森林生态安全前提下,建议四明山国家森林公园开发森林康养、森林研学、森林度假、森林养老和森林体育等旅游产品。 相似文献
106.
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108.
基于"3S"技术,采用总体蓄积抽样控制、小班调查、消耗量调查等方法,查清了师宗县各类土地面积和各类森林蓄积、林木和林地资源的种类、数量、质量,落实了森林分类经营区划,对调查数据动态变化进行了分析,提出了加强天然林保护、商品林多功能经营、发展林下经济和生态旅游等林业发展建议。 相似文献
109.
Issara Phromma Ananya Popradit Atsushi Ishida Somkid Uttaranakorn 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2019,38(5):486-507
This study examined land use conflicts between three villages and Phu Kao – Phu Phan Kham National Park in northeast Thailand that resulted from its access and utilization during 2013–2015. The source of conflict is usufruct rights, a government entitlement program designed to honor villagers who lived on the land before it was established as a national park or forest reserve. Ironically, designation of protected areas is not a safeguard for biodiversity. A complex set of rules and regulations control access to resources, but compliance is subject to government oversight and economic pressure to improve quality of life. Granting usufruct rights may reduce certain land use conflicts, but they fail to address agricultural expansion inside park and forest boundaries. For example, agricultural encroachment in this protected area increased by 13.1% during the study period, mainly through cassava plantings. Cassava requires a small amount of maintenance and has a high market value since it is being promoted as an energy crop by the Thai government. A variety of management strategies are needed for sustainable forestry, such as regular forest patrols, reduction of agricultural-based income, and community-based initiatives. 相似文献
110.
根据1993年省森林资源清查、森林资源消耗量及消耗结构的调查资料,以可持续发展的理论为指导,采用线性规划对我省的林种结构进行了研究。研究结果:河南省现阶段的林种结构应为:用材林∶防护林∶经济林∶薪炭林∶特用林=349∶159∶237∶211∶44。 相似文献