Frost hardening spruce container stock for overwintering in Ontario

Difficulties overwintering container stock in northern Ontario led to the development of the extended greenhouse culture hardening regime for spruce seedlings. Laboratories to measure shoot frost hardiness and evaluate terminal bud development were established to monitor nursery crops being hardened using this regime. Information on frost hardiness and bud development provided by these laboratories has been used by nursery managers to determine readiness of container seedlings for overwintering. Since 1982, over 200 stock lots have been monitored by these operational laboratories. This database can be used to determine the importance of nursery cultural factors and seed source on frost hardening. The database shows large differences between nurseries in approach to hardening seedlings which were reflected in levels of freezing damage, winter desiccation and overwintering success. Rates of frost hardening (i.e., the interval between terminal bud initiation and attainment of a --15°C level of shoot frost hardiness) of crops produced in north central Ontario failed to show significant seed source effects. The rate of frost hardening was faster in crops producing fewer needle primordia in terminal buds.     

猫儿山优势种空间点格局和种间关系分析

黔稠、榕叶冬青和青冈是猫儿山植物群落中分布相对广泛的3个优势种。对它们在不同海拔上的径级结构分析结果表明:3个物种在2个海拔梯度上径级都呈现峰型分布,最高峰都集中在4～8 cm的中小径级范围内,中小个体储备充足,会在相当长一段时间内保持其在群落中的优势地位。通过连续取样的L方程点格局分析方法,对其空间格局和种间关系分析显示:3个物种在样地中不同尺度上以空间显著聚集分布为主,在极少数尺度上仍然存在随机分布和均匀分布格局。3个物种在50 m范围内的分布几乎都表现为独立不相关性。而黔稠和青冈同属于青冈属,在2个样地中的一些小尺度上表现为显著的正相关性。      

模拟酸雨胁迫对青冈幼苗土壤酶的影响

通过在为期2年的可控酸雨胁迫下对中国亚热带典型树种青冈幼苗的土壤蔗糖酶、土壤纤维素酶和土壤脲酶活性的比较研究,试图分析亚热带区域日益严重的酸雨是否会对森林土壤酶的活性产生影响,从而揭示出酸雨胁迫下3种土壤酶的变化规律。试验共设3个梯度:酸雨对照处理(pH 5.6)、中度酸雨胁迫(pH 4.0)和重度酸雨胁迫(pH 2.5)。结果表明:模拟酸雨喷淋对青冈幼苗3种土壤酶活性的影响都比较显著,青冈幼苗各个处理下土壤酶活性季节变化显著,夏季的土壤酶活性普遍高于春季土壤酶活性;随着酸雨pH的降低,土壤蔗糖酶活性表现为激活作用,土壤纤维素酶和土壤脲酶活性均表现为抑制作用。     

青椆混交林间伐指数初探

提出"间伐指数"这一新概念来量化林木在抚育间伐中被确定为间伐木的概率,突破了传统方法中对间伐木确定笼统定性的局限。选取林木的自由度、混交度、大小比数、健康指数、空间密度指数和目的树种特性指数等6个指标,结合对象林分的经营类型,并运用层次分析法给各指标赋权重,可得出该林分林木间伐指数的计算模型。以湖南省沅江市龙虎山林场青椆混交林的一个试验样地为案例,采用"间伐指数"来确定间伐木,得到了较为理想的抚育间伐方案。     

灰木莲人工林营养元素分配及其积累特征

对南宁市46年生灰木莲人工林的9种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn和Cu)的含量、积累量、年净积累量及其分配特征进行了研究。结果表明:灰木莲不同组分的营养元素含量大致为树叶>树皮>树根>树枝>干材。大量元素N、K在树根中的含量最高,P、Mg在树叶中的含量最高,而Ca则在树皮中含量最高;微量元素在各组分中的含量则以Mn最高,Fe、Zn次之,Cu最低。灰木莲人工林营养元素积累总量为1 948.78 kg/hm2,其中乔木层的营养元素积累量为1 715.22 kg/hm2,占林分营养元素积累总量的88.02%;草本层为74.33 kg/hm2,占总积累量的3.81%;灌木层为83.19 kg/hm2,占总积累量的4.26%;凋落物层为76.04 kg/hm2,占总积累量的3.90%。灰木莲人工林营养元素年净积累量为37.32 kg/(hm2·a),各组分营养元素年净积累量排列顺序为干材>树根>树皮>树叶>树枝。     

White and black spruce seedling development using the concept of relative addition rate

Ingestad's concept of relative addition rate was used to grow a range of seedling types, of both black (Picea mariana) (Mill.) B.S.P.), and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Seedlings were grown for about 18 weeks in styrofoam containers under greenhouse conditions, and fertilized at exponentially increasing rates of either one, two, four or six per cent per day, following a one month pretreatment period. Pretreatment consisted of applying a nutrient solution proportionally low in nitrogen, but that had a relatively high conductivity compared to the initial solutions used in the exponentially increasing fertilizer treatments. Black spruce seedlings grew fastest, had significantly more root development or had a higher efficiency of nitrogen uptake when nutrients were applied at exponentially increasing amounts. In contrast, white spruce grew more rapidly when fertilized with a constant level of fertilizer (control treatment). Biomass allocation and nitrogen concentrations in seedlings of both species varied significantly with treatment, indicating that various levels of nitrogen stress had been achieved. It is suggested that different seedling stock types, which are acclimated to various levels of nutrient stress, can be produced by controlling the rate of nutrient addition.     

支提山突脉青冈林乔木层种群种间关联性的研究

根据2×2联列表,运用方差分析、联结系数AC、x2统计量度量、Ochiai指数、Dice指数和Jaccard指数计算了支提山突脉青冈天然林主要树种的总体联结关系、种间联结系数和x2值。研究结果表明:突脉青冈天然林多物种总体联结性为不显著的正相关,AC值计算出正联结种对有152对,负联结170对;x2统计量检验结果无呈现显著的正联结,12对呈现极显著的负联结,93对呈现显著的负联结。     

Metabolic Engineering of Carotenoid Synthesis： Development of a Production System with Nicotiana glauca and Improvement of the Nutritional Value of Potato

Carotenoid pigments are of commercial interest as animal feed and play an important role in human metabolism. β-Carotene is important as provitamin A and lutein and zeaxanthin have to be constantly integrated     

金色狗尾草的大,小孢子发生及雌,雄配子体发育

金色狗尾草花药壁分四层，即表皮，内壁，中层，绒毡层。表皮细胞在花粉发育过程中始终沉积呈颗粒状小体。绒毡层属腺质型。小孢子母细胞在减数分裂过程中，胞质分裂属连续型，并偶见有染色质穿壁现象。生殖细胞壁在初期具有纤维素。成熟花粉为３细胞，崆贮大量淀粉粒。金色狗尾草胚珠具有双珠被，珠孔由内珠被形成，外珠被有一突起伸向花柱。     

水生美人蕉组培快繁技术研究

以水生美人蕉带有芽苞的根茎为外植体进行组培快繁技术研究,结果表明：MS＋BA1.0~4.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L培养基能较好地诱导分化出不定芽;MS+BA6.0~8.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L培养基增殖效果最好;在MS不加激素和MS＋NAA0.2mg/L培养基上进行生根培养都有不同程度的根分化。株高6~8cm出瓶用苔藓炼苗,成活率达95%以上。