利用花粉-柱头的相互作用鉴定5个十字花科油用植物的自交亲和性

用荧光显微镜观察了白芥(Sinapis alba)、白菜型油菜(Brassica rape)、甘蓝型油菜(Brassica na-pus)、芥菜型油菜(Brassica juncea)、芸芥(Eruca Mill)自花授粉后,花粉粒在柱头上粘附、萌发以及花粉管与柱头的识别反应。结果表明白菜型油菜、芸芥与白芥自交授粉后,花粉粘附在柱头上比较困难,花粉难以萌发,花粉管较难伸长。甘蓝型油菜与芥菜型油菜自交后,花粉粘合、萌发时间早,并且萌发的花粉管数目多。这种差异性不同程度的反映了各个物种的自交授粉亲和性,其中芥菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜表现为自花授粉,白菜型油菜、白芥与芸芥表现为较强的自交不亲和性。     

高原芥三个居群的物种生物学特性

运用居群生物学的原理和方法,对分布于帕米尔高原地区三个居群的高原芥(Christolea crassifolia Camb.)的染色体核型、花粉形态与叶表皮气孔形态进行了研究.结果表明,高原芥三个居群的染色体2n=14,基数为7；核型不对称系数均为1A型；花粉均具三沟萌发孔,沟长达两极,极面观均为具网状纹饰的三裂圆形,...     

青藏高原东缘十字花科藏药植物资源调查

通过实地调查与文献研究相结合的方法对青藏高原东缘十字花科藏药植物资源进行了调查,结果表明:青藏高原东缘十字花科藏药植物资源丰富,据初步统计,共有17属18种,占青藏高原东缘藏药植物总种数的2.73%。为此对青藏高原东缘十字花科藏药植物区系及药用价值等进行了分析研究,并对其开发利用提出一些建议。     

几种生物源农药对菜青虫的防治效果评价

[目的]筛选对菜青虫防治效果好的生物源农药。[方法]选择6种药剂对蔬菜害虫——菜青虫进行了田间防效试验。[结果]高效氯氰菊酯对菜青虫的防治效果不理想,生物源农药印楝素、强敌3B、阿维菌素及其混剂对菜青虫的防治效果较好,最高防效均达到90%以上。[结论]生物源农药及其混剂在蔬菜生产中值得应用和推广。     

DNA sequences identify invasive alien Cardamine at Lake Constance

The shores of Lake Constance in southwest Germany inhabit an endemic and highly endangered lake-shore community. In spring 2004, a so far unknown Cardamine (Brassicaceae) was detected at the lake-shores. In the subsequent years, this taxon has spread rapidly, 95 locations have been recorded until spring 2007. We tested the utility of DNA sequences to distinguish between two alternative hypotheses regarding the appearance of this new invasive taxon: a local formation via hybridization between native species versus an introduction of a non-native taxon. The relative DNA contents was analysed as an additional independent character. DNA sequences provided substantial evidence that the unknown Cardamine taxon, recently discovered at Lake Constance in southwest Germany, is a non-native species introduced from abroad. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of the large subunits of nuclear ribosomal DNA and two noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA (trnL intron, trnL/F spacer) were distant from sequences of all native Cardamine species providing evidence against a hybridization hypothesis. In contrast, DNA sequences of the unknown Cardamine were identical to one accession of Cardamine flexuosa auct. non With. (Asian C. flexuosa) from Japan. The introduction history of Asian C. flexuosa at Lake Constance and the potential threat to the native lake-shore vegetation is discussed. Our study highlights the potential of DNA sequences to identify invasive genotypes and source regions.     

十字花科作物单倍体育种研究进展

综述了十字花科作物单倍体育种的研究进展 ,包括花药培养和游离小孢子培养在十字花科作物育种上的应用 ,及提高出胚率的主要技术路线。讨论了存在问题及今后的研究方向     

十字花科十九种种皮微形态学研究

对十字花科19种植物种皮微形态学研究的结果表明,与花粉形态相比,种皮表面的纹饰具有丰富的多样性,系非保守性状;在科以下类群的分类学研究中有较高的价值。这些种的种皮纹饰可分成4种类型,即双层网纹型(diploreticulum),乳突网网纹型(papilla-reticulum),网纹型(reticulum)和荠菜型(shepherdspure);其中前3种类型又可分为多个亚型。种皮纹饰类型与种皮化学组分之间也有一定联系。     

不同十字花科食物饲养的小菜蛾生长发育试验观察

试验采用京丰1号甘蓝、四月蔓油菜、露头青萝卜、雪白60号菜花、津绿75白菜五种十字花科植物幼苗饲养小菜蛾,饲养条件:日平均温度30±1℃,RH75%～85%,每日光照按室内自然光条件;饲养时间:7月16日至8月16日。试验结果表明:用上述5种食物饲喂的小菜蛾幼虫历期分别为8.5,6.7,7.6,7.9,8.2d,蛹历期均在3.5d左右;每雌产卵量分别为124,94.9,106,103.5,92.8粒。经方差分析,在0.05水平无显著差异。     

Characterization of Rhizoctonia solani AG 2 isolates causing bare patch in field grown tulips in the Netherlands

During a spring survey in 1991, 130 isolates of R. solani were collected in 25 commercial flower bulb fields from diseased plants occurring in bare patches. On the basis of hyphal fusion frequency and pathogenicity to flower bulbs, tulip isolates were provisionally assigned to AG 2-t to distinguish these isolates from AG 2-1 isolates which were non-pathogenic to bulbs. Hyphal fusion frequency of a subgroup of 7 AG 2-t isolates was highly variable when paired with 7 AG 2-1 isolates (2-75%), thus making assignment of AG 2-t isolates to AG 2-1 inconclusive. The mean hyphal fusion frequency among AG 2-t isolates was 65% (±6%) indicating AG 2-t to be a relatively homogeneous group. Hyphal fusion frequency among AG 2-1 isolates was highly variable with a mean 51% (±25%) indicating AG 2-1 to be a heterogeneous group. The optimum growth temperature for AG 2-t and AG 2-1 isolates on malt peptone agar was 20-25 °C. The host range of AG 2-t and two AG 2-1 isolates comprised tulip, iris, hyacinth and lily at both 9 and 18 °C, and cruciferous, sugarbeet and lettuce seedlings at 18 °C. Six other AG 2-1 isolates were pathogenic to cruciferous seedlings, but not to any of the bulbous crops. The tested narcissus, Tagetes patula, tomato, potato, wheat, leek and maize cultivars were not susceptible to AG 2-t and AG 2-1 isolates. Statistical analysis using a proportional-odds model revealed significant differences in aggressiveness between R. solani AG 2-t isolates and differences in susceptibility between tulip and iris cultivars. At 18 °C, but not at 9 °C, isolates representing AG 2-2, AG 4, AG 5 and AG BI were pathogenic to bulbous crops. In addition to bare patch causing AG 2-t isolates, other anastomosis groups may cause disease in field grown tulips. For the development of optimal crop rotation schedules, the impact of bulb rot causing isolates under field conditions needs further study.     

中国喀喇昆仑山十字花科植物分类学研究

结合标本和实地考察,对中国喀喇昆仑山十字花科植物进行形态分类学研究。结果表明,中国喀喇昆仑山十字花科植物计有32属66种1变种,分别占中国十字花科植物属、种总数的33.7%和15.5%,其中新发现中国喀喇昆仑山新记录种11种;新疆新记录属1属,新疆新记录种2种;西藏新记录种2种。