A nonlinear, dynamic, simulation model for transport, and whole plant allocation of systemic xenobiotics following foliar application. IV: Physicochemical properties requirements for optimum absorption and translocation

The relationship between the physicochemical properties (molar volume, partition coefficient, and dissociation constant) of slow-acting systemic postemergence xenobiotics and their uptake and translocation to the sites of action was investigated using the nonlinear, dynamic simulation model ERMESSE. When the pK_a was held constant at 4.0, the model enables the prediction of the uptake of a systemic xenobiotic as a function of its partition coefficient and molar volume. The model also considered the effects of the physicochemical properties of a systemic xenobiotic on its long-distance translocation within the vascular tissues. For instance, when the log K_ow and pK_a were held constant at 1.5 and 6.0, respectively, the model predicted a higher translocation rate (55%) for molecules with a small (e.g., MV = 100 cm³ mol⁻¹) as opposed to a large (e.g., MV = 300 cm³ mol⁻¹, 33%) molar volume. In addition, the theoretical predictions from the ERMESSE model showed that any xenobiotic with a molar volume not exceeding 300 cm³ mol⁻¹ could provide an uptake ?50% and a translocation rate ?25% when its log K_ow is between −0.5 and 2.5 and its pK_a is between 0.0 and 8.0.     

Real‐time variable‐rate herbicide application for weed control in carrots

A camera sensor for precision weed control in arable fields has been developed at the Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering. For herbicide spraying in carrots, the sensor was positioned at the front three‐point linkage of a tractor and was operated between carrot rows. In field trials in 2 years, real‐time (online) technology in which sensing and spraying were performed in one step was evaluated in comparison with a conventional uniform spraying application. The spray volume was linearly adjusted to the camera‐detected weed coverage level from a minimum of 200 L ha^?1 if no weeds were present to a maximum of 400 L ha^?1. The herbicide savings were 30% in 2007 and 34%, 43% and 36% for each of three applications in 2010. There were no significant differences between the camera‐based and conventional spraying approaches with regard to yield parameters, total carrot weight and weight of marketable carrots. Regarding the weed control efficiency of the camera‐based spraying procedure in the 2010 experiment, no trend was observed between the weed coverage and the application rate of the previous spraying.     

基于嵌入式机器视觉的水稻秧盘育秧图像无线传输系统

杂交稻机械化秧盘精密播种育秧过程中需要人工实时监测,以保证秧盘播种性能,为解决传统人工长时间户外、低效的监测方式,设计了基于嵌入式机器视觉的水稻秧盘育秧图像无线传输系统。系统由嵌入式开发平台、无线Wi Fi网关、高清网络摄像头、红外传感模块、远程服务器等组成。嵌入式开发平台采用Tiny4412开发板,并在其上移植Linux系统、摄像头驱动、GPIO口驱动;采用Qt开发工具,完成图像采集、实时显示,并设计出友好的人机交互界面;利用Jpeglib静态库对图像进行数据压缩;利用无线Wi Fi局域网、嵌入式系统和远程服务器按照规定的协议通过Socket通信进行数据传输。远程服务器基于Netty框架对采集到的图像数据进行校验、实时显示和保存。试验结果表明,不同分辨率图像的无线传输速率均满足育秧流水线实时作业要求,JPEG格式的图像经过数据压缩,其传输速率大大提高;嵌入式采集终端能够稳定采集播种秧盘图像,并成功地上传到服务器,网络平均丢包率为0.23%,误码率为0.23%。     

大型收获机械发动机孔组位置度误差在线检测方法

发动机是收获机械的动力源,其安装位置精度将直接影响整机装配质量,进而关系机器的作业效率和可靠性。由于收获机械底盘机架结构复杂、表面粗糙度大,现有测量方法及设备难以满足大跨距孔组位置度误差测量需求,针对收获机械发动机安装孔位置度的自动化测量需求,提出了基于机器视觉的大跨距孔组位置度误差在线检测方法,通过建立孔组位置度误差模型,使用多部工业相机获取安装孔二维图像,通过相机在线标定、图像增强处理、特征提取、坐标变换等手段,实时测取并计算安装孔组之间的位置度误差。在此基础上,基于LabWindows/CVI平台,开发了自动检测软件,实现了发动机安装孔位置度的快速检测。以某型玉米收获机底盘机架发动机安装孔组为对象开展了试验研究,结果表明,利用该方法能够有效获取安装孔组的位置度关系,建立的孔组位置度误差模型能够进行误差分析与评定,在分辨率和测量精度上均优于传统测量方式,检测效率较高,能够满足生产线自动化检测需求。     

基于计算机仿真的轿车正面碰撞安全性分析

按照欧洲正面碰撞法规ECE R94,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对设计的轿车车身进行了正面碰撞的计算机仿真。根据仿真结果,对车身的碰撞特性做了深入的分析,提出了提高车身正面碰撞性能的部分措施。计算机仿真结果对比表明,改进措施是有效的。     

人文精神变革下的城市视觉污染及其防治

城市的发展建设是建设文明社会、和谐社会的重要组成部分。在人文精神的引导下，城市建设应朝着人与自然的和谐方向发展。然而现代城市中出现的各种视觉上的污染及其所造成的危害，却与我们所提倡发展城市人文精神，建立人文城市的内涵相违背。本文在分析了城市的硬环境和软环境存在的几个重要的视觉污染的基础上，提出了发展人文城市，杜绝城市污染源的几点建议。     

电子档案安全管理方法研究

随着计算机技术的迅猛发展,我国纸质档案数字化已经成为了必然趋势,这就提出了电子档案安全管理的问题,从物理因素、人为因素、计算机病毒、黑客等几个方面分析了对电子档案造成威胁的原因,并针对这些原因探讨了电子文档的安全管理方法。     

山区公路小半径曲线加宽及安全设计的探讨

山区公路小半径曲线是事故的多发地点。通过对行车轨迹及驾驶员行车视觉感觉的分析,结合曲线透视图,分析得出小半径曲线视觉信息不良是导致事故发生的主要原因。据此对小半径曲线加宽、横向超高及中心线设计中可能存在的安全问题进行了研究,提出了相对山区公路小半径曲线的道路安全设计建议。     

数字化木材横纹压缩试验测试系统

以日本岛津公司ＡＧ－１０ＴＡ型木材万能力学试验机（精度可达１‰）及该机配置的力学传感器，绘图记录仪为基础，与自行配置的Ａ／Ｄ转换器，数据采集软件与计算机接口联机，共同构成数字化木材横纹压缩试验测试系统。     

圆柱形包装容器的计算机绘制

本文应用真实感图形理论和算法，在微机上绘制了圆柱形包装容器，解决了隐藏面消除、明暗处理和表面映射等问题，为包装容器的计算机绘制提供了有效的方法