新型胡萝卜蔬菜纸加工方法研究

[目的]研究新型胡萝卜蔬菜纸的加工方法,为制造更加健康、富有营养的可食用蔬菜纸奠定基础。[方法]以胡萝卜为基材,乳清蛋白和胶原蛋白为粘结剂优化工艺条件,研究新型胡萝卜蔬菜纸的加工方法。[结果]新鲜胡萝卜经过烫漂、冷却、硫处理、打浆、添加4％的乳清蛋白或胶原蛋白,以及2．5％的甘油,料液比为1：1（g／ml）,均质后经脱气、铺膜,在75℃下干燥4h后揭起,得到了成型效果好的胡萝卜蔬菜纸.[结论]新鲜胡萝卜和乳清蛋白或胶原蛋白配合,经加工,可制得成型效果好、营养价值丰富的新型胡萝卜蔬菜纸。     

The Effects of Forced Exercise on Collagen Type II Fragments,Lysyl Oxidase Concentrations,and Total Protein Concentrations in Sera and Synovial Fluid of Lambs

Excessive exercise may induce osteoarthritis, which is a leading cause of lameness and decreased use in horses. The purpose of this study was to utilize a sheep model to determine the effects of circular and linear exercise on biochemical markers in serum and synovial fluid (SF). Twenty lambs (5 months) were assigned to three groups: circular exercise (C, 8.5 m diameter; n = 8), straight-line exercise (S, treadmill; n = 8) and nonexercised control (CON, n = 4). Lambs (C and S) were exercised up to 8 weeks at 1.3 m/s for up to 30 minutes, 6 days per week. Serum and SF from a metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint was collected. Serum total protein (P = .66), Collagen Type II cleavage [3/4] fragments concentrations (P = .44) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) (P = .15) activity were not different among treatment groups throughout the study. There was a polynomial response to serum LOX over time (R² = 0.7464). There were no differences in SF total protein (P = .94, right MCP; P = .68, left MCP) or SF LOX specific activities (P = .9, right MCP; P = .93, left MCP) among groups throughout the study. However, SF LOX specific activity did increase over time (P = .001) for all treatment groups. These results indicated that the biochemical markers utilized in this study were unable to detect differences between groups with respect to exercise protocols. However, the LOX activity did increase over time possibly as a result of growth.     

白酒糟水解液摇瓶发酵生产木糖醇的工艺优化

为充分利用白酒糟资源,探讨酸水解液作为碳源发酵生产木糖醇的可行性。采用热带假丝酵母(Candidatropicalis1779)发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇,分别利用单因素试验和正交试验考察了影响发酵的工艺条件。发酵在250mL摇瓶发酵瓶中进行。结果表明,当种子龄27h、接种量20mL、装液量100mL、氮源添加量20mL、氮源浓度48g/L时发酵效果最好。该条件下发酵液中木糖醇浓度为11.85mg/mL,木糖利用率和还原糖利用率分别为45.62%和74.81%,残留木糖浓度为463.51μg/mL。发酵试验表明酒糟水解液作为碳源发酵生产木糖醇具有可行性。     

In Vitro Bioactivity of Astaxanthin and Peptides from Hydrolisates of Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) By-Products: From the Extraction Process to Biological Effect Evaluation,as Pilot Actions for the Strategy “From Waste to Profit”

Non-edible parts of crustaceans could be a rich source of valuable bioactive compounds such as the carotenoid astaxanthin and peptides, which have well-recognized beneficial effects. These compounds are widely used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, and their market is rapidly growing, suggesting the need to find alternative sources. The aim of this work was to set up a pilot-scale protocol for the reutilization of by-products of processed shrimp, in order to address the utilization of this valuable biomass for nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals application, through the extraction of astaxanthin-enriched oil and antioxidant-rich protein hydrolysates. Astaxanthin (AST) was obtained using “green extraction methods,” such as using fish oil and different fatty acid ethyl esters as solvents and through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), whereas bioactive peptides were obtained by protease hydrolysis. Both astaxanthin and bioactive peptides exhibited bioactive properties in vitro in cellular model systems, such as antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities (IA). The results show higher astaxanthin yields in ethyl esters fatty acids (TFA) extraction and significant enrichment by short-path distillation (SPD) up to 114.80 ± 1.23 µg/mL. Peptide fractions of <3 kDa and 3–5 kDa exhibited greater antioxidant activity while the fraction 5–10 kDa exhibited a better ACE-IA. Lower-molecular-weight bioactive peptides and astaxanthin extracted using supercritical fluids showed protective effects against oxidative damage in 142BR and in 3T3 cell lines. These results suggest that “green” extraction methods allow us to obtain high-quality bioactive compounds from large volumes of shrimp waste for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.     

鲮鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白酶解物分子量分布与抗氧化性的研究(英文)

[目的]为了研究鲮鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白水解物的分子量的分布及抗氧化活性。[方法]分子量分布采用分子排阻色谱法和基质辅助激光解吸附飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS),鱼皮用碱性蛋白酶2709处理。[结果]最佳水解条件为:pH 10.0、反应温度55℃、底物浓度为80 g/L、酶和底物比4%,水解时间3 h。两种方法分析水解产物的相对分子质量分布范围为400~1 800 Da,大多数胶原蛋白短肽的分子量在1 400 Da以下。[结论]结果表明,鱼皮水解物是一种潜在的抗氧化物。     

霞水母胶原蛋白活性肽对小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]为霞水母胶原蛋白活性肽的临床应用提供理论依据。[方法]在探明霞水母胶原蛋白肽急性毒性反应的基础上,分别以25、50、100mg／kg的剂量给小鼠连续灌胃30d,然后进行小鼠吞噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素的测定。[结果]霞水母胶原蛋白肽为实际无毒性或低毒性物质;试验组的3项免疫指标与空白对照组相比有显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）差异。[结论]霞水母胶原蛋白活性肽具有一定的免疫增强作用。     

人工养殖中华鲟鱼皮中胶原蛋白提取工艺研究

[目的]研究确定人工养殖中华鲟鱼皮中胶原蛋白的酶法提取工艺。[方法]以胶原蛋白得率为指标,采用单因素试验,考察各因素对人工养殖中华鲟鱼皮中胶原蛋白得率的影响。[结果]胃蛋白酶为最适宜提取酶,人工养殖中华鲟鱼鱼皮中胶原蛋白提取的最佳条件为料液比1∶10 g/ml,加酶量2.0%,提取时间6 h,胶原蛋白的得率为82.7%,含量为49.9%。[结论]该提取工艺稳定,提取率高,适用于人工养殖中华鲟鱼鱼皮中胶原蛋白的提取。     

HACCP在罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白多肽生产中的应用

[目的]将HACCP体系应用于罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白多肽的生产过程中,确保工业生产罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白多肽的安全性。[方法]阐述了胶原蛋白多肽的生产工艺流程,分析了各环节的潜在危害,并设定了关键限值、监控频率与措施、纠偏措施、档案记录和验证程序来监控关键点。[结果]确定原料验收、酶解提取、浓缩、喷雾干燥、磁选和内包装为关键控制点,并制定了HACCP计划表,从而在罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白生产中建立了质量安全控制体系。[结论]HACCP体系的实施降低了罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白生产中的危险因素,保障了胶原蛋白多肽的品质和食用安全。     

In vitro release of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, peroxyl-radical scavengers and antibacterial compounds by enzymatic hydrolysis of glycated gluten

The combined effect of gluten glycation and proteolysis on the release of compounds exhibiting in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities was investigated. Model systems consisting of wheat gluten and glucose were heated at 120 °C for 45 min, 150 °C for 30 min and 220 °C for 30 min to produce various Maillard reaction products mimicking reactions occurring in bread crusts. Progress of the Maillard reaction was estimated through indirect measurement of Amadori compounds as 2-furoylmethyl-amino acids. Glycation was followed by digestion with Pronase E and ultrafiltration. The anti-hypertensive activity was measured as the ability to inhibit the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme involved in hypertension regulation. The Oxygen Radical Absorbance assay was used to measure the peroxyl radical scavenging capacity of the products and their effect on microbial growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphlococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was also studied. Advanced products of the reaction enhanced the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of gluten hydrolysates and decreased the overall ACE inhibitory activity. Ultrafiltration provided a useful method for separating compounds (< 3000 Da) with ACE inhibitory activity and advanced Maillard reaction products (>3000 Da) which scavenged peroxyl radicals and inhibited the microbial growth.