航天搭载青稞遗传变异初报

108粒青稞干种子经返回式实验卫星搭载后,室内培养正常发芽得到108株幼苗。细胞观察结果表明,航天飞行处理对根尖细胞有丝分裂没有显著影响。幼苗移栽至大田发现经航天飞行处理的植株与未经处理的对照青稞植株一样健壮,但其中2株花序形态表现变异,出现双麦穗。其余106株的花序形态完全正常,用来自7个连锁群的21对微卫星引物对经航天飞行处理的青稞幼苗进行DNA多态性分析,其中20对引物未检测出变异,而用位于2H染色体上的引物HVM54从63个植株中检测出10株发生了变异,且这10株青稞的变异类型完全相同。这一结果说明经航天飞行的青稞种子DNA发生一定变异。     

粘土土壤孔隙大小分布及其与土壤有机质的相关性

Soil pore size distribution(PSD) directly influences soil physical,chemical,and biological properties,and further knowledge of soil PSD is very helpful for understanding soil functions and processes.In this study,PSD of three clayey soils collected from the topsoil(0-20 cm) of Vertisols in Northern China was analyzed using the N_2 adsorption(NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) methods.The effect of soil organic matter(SOM) on the PSD of clayey soils was also evaluated.The differential curves of pore volume of clayey soils by the NA method exhibited that the pores with diameter 0.01 μm accounted for more than 50%in the pore size range of 0.001 to 0.1 μm.The differential pore curves of clayey soils by the MIP method exhibited three distinct peaks in pore size range of 60 to 100,0.3 to 0.4 and 0.009 to 0.012 μm,respectively.In the three clayey soils,the ultramicropores(5-0.1μm) were determined to be the main pore class(on average 35.5%),followed by macropores( 75 μm,31.4%),cryptopores(0.1-0.007μm,16.0%),micropores(30-5 μm,9.7%) and mesopores(75-30 μm,7.3%).The SOM greatly affected the pore structure and PSD of aggregates in clayey soils.In particular,SOM removal reduced the volume and porosity of 5-100 μm pores while increased those of 5 μm pores in the 5-2 and 2-0.25 mm aggregates of clayey soils.The increase in the volume and porosity of 5 μm pores may be attributed to the disaggregation and partial emptying of small pores caused by the destruction of SOM.     

林(树)冠截留容量及其近似确定

[目的]为了克服在林(树)冠截留降雨研究中采用"截留率"和"实测截留量"指标的缺陷。[方法]提出了截留容量的概念及近似确定方法。利用两个林分的实测资料,进一步介绍了截留容量的近似确定方法并进行相互比较。[结果]截留容量更能体现林冠对降雨截留作用的大小,它不仅能在不同林分或树种之间进行截留作用大小的比较,而且不受地域限制。[结论]采用截留容量指标比较不同林分之间对降雨的截留作用不仅是有效的,也是合理的。     

基于土地综合承载力的西安市适度人口测度

[目的]测度和分析西安市2001—2011年的适度人口及其变化情况,探讨人口承载力变化的特征与原因,提出优化对策。[方法]食品承载力模型、生态足迹模型、改进的经济承载力模型和改进的综合承载力模型。[结果]2001—2011年,西安市的适度人口数量及结构呈现出阶段性变化;2004年开始,西安市人口承载赤字一直存在,并在经历一个快速增长阶段后出现缓和趋势;西安市经济人口承载力较强,而食品和生态人口承载力不足。[结论]提高区域综合承载力,土地承载是基础,经济承载是关键,生态承载是限制。     

9种壳斗科树种坚果3种矿质元素及Vc含量分析

壳斗科(Fagaceae)主要分布在亚洲东南部,全球约900种。我国大多数地区通常把壳斗科植物的坚果都称为橡实,有些省区仅将栎属(Qucercus L.)树种的坚果称之为橡实,而李世华等认为橡实又叫橡子;显然,橡实或橡子均指壳斗科植物的坚果。     

长白山主要次生林的枯落物现存量组成及持水特性

以吉林延边八家子林业局主要次生林群落为研究对象,对不同群落枯落物层的组成和现存量及其持水特性进行比较.结果表明,各群落枯落物现存量在4.67～5.13 t·hm-2之间,其顺序为落叶阔叶林＞白桦林＞红松阔叶林＞杂木林;各群落枯落物组成均为未分解物大于半分解物,约占总量的60％左右.对不同枯落物类型的浸水实验发现,吸水强...     

铅胁迫下菲白竹的矿质营养吸收和分配

随着矿产、化工、冶金等工业排放的"三废"剧增以及汽车尾气排放量的增加,人类生存环境中的土壤、水体以及空气受重金属污染现象日趋严重,有些重金属通过食物链在人体内蓄积,严重危害人体健康(Kambhampati et al.,2003).铅是一种常见的重金属,全球每年消耗量约为400万t,但仅有1/4得到回收利用,其余大部分都以不同形式进入环境引起污染(李建正,2006).     

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.     

Influence of saponin plants on the volatile fraction of thyme in herbal teas

Combinations of thyme, cowslip and liquorice roots are often used in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. Therefore the volatile fraction of herbal teas prepared from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and the effect of combining with cowslip (Primula veris/P. elatior) and liquorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on the volatiles were analyzed. Volatile compounds were isolated by hydrodistillation and solid phase extraction and analyzed by GC-MS. Thymol was also quantified by HPLC. The total amount of volatiles as well the thymol content was decreased with increasing proportions of cowslip or liquorice in the infusion extracts whereas the proportion of monoterpene hydrocarbons increased.     

An in vivo analysis of the therapeutic and synergistic properties of Chinese medicinal formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang based on its active constituents

6,7-Dimethylesculetin (D), geniposide (G) and rhein (R) are the three major active ingredients of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), a famous Chinese herbal formula, which has been shown to be clinically effective for treating hepatic injury (HI) syndrome. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC (combination of D, G and R) on HI rats by combining pharmacokinetic with biochemical analysis strategy. Plasma was analyzed by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to evaluate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC at the biochemical level. Here, we report that the COC combination could increase the plasma level, slow elimination rate, exert a more robust therapeutic effect than any one or two of the three individual compounds by hitting multiple targets in a rat model of HI. Overall, this beneficially accounts for the popular view that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula usually takes multi-component to exert their therapeutic effects. We suggest that dissecting the mode of action of clinically effective formula to be capable of producing a sufficient effect at low doses.