对蜂蜜中主要抗褐变因子的探讨

选用ＡＧ５０Ｗ－Ｘ８阳离子交换树脂，并以批处理的方式，成功地将蜂蜜中的肽类物质与其它组合得到了分离。抗褐变实验结果清楚地表明，蜂蜜中的肽类成分完全没有抑制褐变的活性。这与以前的报道截然不同。     

离子交换树脂作为花卉矿质营养载体的研究

离子交换树脂具有稳定的结构、固定的组成及很高的阴阳离子交换量。离子交换树脂具有良好的气、固、液三相。因此具有持水佳、载肥高、透气好等优点。当离子交换树脂中的矿质元素被植物大量吸收后，可以对其进行再生处理从而保证它能够反复使用。离子交换树脂是一个内存很大的化学库，它所吸附的营养元素不会被水淋洗而有所减少，植物在持有高水平矿质营养的离子交换树脂中亦不会受到反渗透伤害。此点经吸附有5000mg·kg-1钾的离子交换树脂对大丽花（DahliapinnataCav．）的栽培及吸附有5000mg·kg－1磷的离子交换树脂对蟹爪（ZygocacturstruncatusSchum）的栽培中得到证实。     

多胺交联纤维素树脂的合成及吸附性能(Ⅺ)——天然高分子吸附剂研究

报道了多乙烯多胺交联的纤维素树脂的合成及其对若干重金属离子的静态吸附性能和吸附机理。研究结果表明，该树脂能有效地吸附Ｃｕ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｏ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｐｂ２＋，其吸附量可分别达１．２８，１．２４，０．５８，０．６６和０．９９ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ。在ＨＯＡｃ－ＮａＯＡｃ缓冲溶液中可选择吸附Ｃｕ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋等离子而不吸附Ｐｂ２＋。     

Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪研究异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性

为获得不同因素对异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性的影响规律,同时验证Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪预测和评价水乳剂物理稳定性的可行性,利用Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪,结合加速试验[(54±2)℃,14d]结果,研究了乳化剂用量、体系pH和电解质离子等对磷酸酯盐稳定的异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性的影响。结果表明:乳化剂三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯三乙醇胺盐(SCP)用量为6.0%(质量分数)时,水乳剂稳定性最好;过酸或过碱均会破坏水乳剂的稳定性,pH=9时水乳剂可获得较好的稳定性;Mg2+压缩油水界面双电层,导致水乳剂稳定性下降,且Mg2+添加浓度越大,水乳剂越不稳定。Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪以多重光散射为技术核心,在不破坏样品的前提下,能够准确测定乳状液中浮油、沉淀和液滴粒径大小的变化情况,与加速试验结果吻合度高,不仅能够缩短试验周期,而且可以分析不稳定现象发生的机理。     

Responses of Some Newly Developed Salt-tolerant Genotypes of Spring Wheat to Salt Stress: 1. Yield Components and Ion Distribution

The degree of salt tolerance of two newly developed genotypes of spring wheat, S24 and S36 was assessed with respect to their parents, LU26S (from Pakistan) and Kharchia (from India). These four lines along with a salt-tolerant genotype SARC-1 and two salt-sensitive cvs Potohar and Yecora Rojo were subjected to salinized sand culture containing 0, 125 or 250 mol m^?3 NaCl in full strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. S24 produced significantly greater grain yield and had greater 1000 seed weight and number of tillers per plant than those of the other cultivars /lines. S36 was not significantly different from its parents in seed yield and yield components. SARC-1 was the second highest in grain yield of all cultivars/lines, but it did not differ significantly from LU26S and Kharchia in 1000 seed weight and number of tillers per plant. The greater degree of salt tolerance of S24 could be related to its lower accumulation of Na⁺ in the leaves and maintenance of higher leaf K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivity as compared to its parents. S36, which was as good as its parents in growth, also had lower Na⁺ and higher K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivity in the leaves at the highest salt level than those in its parents. SARC-1 did not differ from LU26S and Kharchia in ionic content or K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivities of both leaves and roots. Both the salt-sensitive cultivars, Potohar and Yecora Rojo, had significantly greater leaf Na⁺ and Cl^? concentrations and lower leaf K/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivities than all the salt-tolerant lines examined in this study. From this study it is evident that improvement in salt tolerance of spring wheat is possible through selection and breeding, and pattern of ion accumulation is not consistent among the salt-tolerant genotypes in relation to their degree of salt tolerance.     

Influence of chloride and sulphate ions on soil enzymes

Ammonium chloride (AC) and ammonium sulphate (AS) are commonly used nitrogen fertilizers. But the effect of chloride and sulphate ions from these fertilizers on soil enzyme activity has received scant attention. Hence, we conducted a pot culture study to assess the influence of chloride (as AC) and sulphate (as AS) on the activities of urease, amidase, phosphatase and dehydrogenase in soil using rice as the test crop. Chloride and sulphate levels were fixed at 132, 264 and 396 kg ha⁻¹ respectively. Controls were also performed. The enzymes were assayed at three stages of the crop growth viz., active tillering, panicle initiation and harvest.
The enzyme activities decreased with increasing chloride and sulphate levels; however, the degree of inhibition varied among the enzymes assayed and the nature and amounts of salts added. The inhibition may be due to the specific effects of chloride and sulphate ions on microbial growth and subsequent enzyme synthesis, osmotic desiccation leading to microbial cell lysis, and a salting-out effect modifying the ionic conformation of the active site of the enzyme protein.     

观赏植物诱变育种的研究现状和展望

本文综述了观赏植物辐射诱变育种的研究现状,并对花卉辐照诱变的手段、方法、处理材料和适宜辐照剂量、辐照机理与方法及应用作了总结,同时对观赏植物辐射诱变育种存在的问题及发展方向进行了探讨。     

设施土壤盐分的累积、迁移及离子组成变化特征

通过对我国不同地区设施栽培现状的野外调查和取样分析,研究了设施栽培条件下土壤盐分的累积、迁移及离子组成变化特点。结果表明:1)设施栽培条件下,土壤含盐量的变化幅度大,且均明显高于露地土壤,各研究区域内已有40%8～9%的土壤含盐量超过了作物正常生长的临界浓度。2)设施栽培的可持续利用周期较短,连续种植到4年左右的设施土壤,其耕层盐分的累积量可达到作物的生长障碍临界点,之后因设施使用率的下降以及采取的措施而有所降低,但仍高于露地土壤。设施连续使用会导致土壤环境质量的不断恶化。3)设施土壤剖面(0100.cm)盐分含量均高于相邻露地,盐分含量随土层深度增加而降低,其中耕层(020.cm)的盐分含量显著高于其下各层;盐分离子在土壤剖面的运移同时存在着明显的向底层迁移和向表层聚集两种方式,但以表聚为主;此外,盐分离子的大量累积和向底层迁移,特别是NO3-的淋溶已严重影响到部分地区的地下水水质。4)设施栽培后,土壤中的NO3-、SO42-、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+均有不同程度的累积,阴离子以NO3-和SO42-为主,阳离子以Ca2+为主。盐分的大量累积以及某些离子的相对富集在一定程度上引起了作物养分的供需失衡、土壤酸化、棚室内CO2供应不足等生产问题。     

辐射敏化剂对离子注入小麦生物学效应的影响

采用中国科学院兰州近代物理研究所 2 0 0kV离子注入机产生的不同剂量Fe1+ ,对春小麦新品系 81 52 9种子进行注入并用辐射敏化剂后处理 ,研究其注入效应。结果表明 :①离子注入随注入剂量的增加染色体畸变率呈上升趋势 ;②不同辐射敏化剂后处理对萌发力、染色体畸变率影响程度不同 ;③不同辐射敏化剂对同一剂量Fe1+ 离子注入小麦的染色体畸变率影响的总趋势 :EDTA >秋水仙素 >咖啡因。     

Ion Transport Dynamics in Acid Variable Charge Subsoils

This is a mini-review of the research work conducted by the authors with the objective of studying ion transport in variable charge subsoils collected from different areas around the world. An attempt is made in these studies to relate the unique behavior manifested during ionic transport in these subsoils with their mineralogical, physical and chemical properties, which are markedly different from those in soils from temperate regions. The variable charge subsoils have a relatively high salt sorption capacity and anion exchange capacity (AEC) that retards anions downward movement. The AEC correlates closely with the anion retardation coefficients. Ca²⁺ applied with gypsum in topsoil may be transported to the subsoil and may improve the subsoil chemical properties. These results may help in developing appropriate management strategies under a range of mineralogical, physical, and chemical conditions.