木瓜优良品种选育研究初报

以湖北长阳、郧县等地10余万亩野生木瓜为试材,采取群众荐优和实地调查相结合的方法,从野生木瓜群体中发掘、收集、选择出56株预选单株,连续3年对其产量、品质、抗逆性等复核鉴评,确定表现优异且产量稳定的20株建立种质资源收集圃,在长阳、鹤峰、武汉等地开展无性系比较试验与品比试验,在对花期性状、生长性状及丰产抗逆性等的观测比较基础上,筛选出2个综合性状优良的品种类型,即"鄂木瓜1号"和"鄂木瓜2号"。     

山东主栽光皮木瓜品种香气成分的研究

光皮木瓜(Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehe)系蔷薇科(Rosaceae)木瓜属(Chaenomeles Lindl.)植物,主要分布于陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、云南等地[1].木瓜集观赏、食用、药用于一体,是不可多得的经济和药用树种;其果实成熟后呈暗黄或金黄色,气味芳香,且内含有多种活性物质,具有抗肿瘤、保肝、抑菌、强心、利尿、抗衰老等功效,是医药工业的重要原料[2].     

海棠长寿乐在重庆的引种表现及干旱耐受性初报

2014年3月5日自山东省临沂市河东区沂州海棠产业发展基地引进木瓜属海棠(Chaenomeles sinensis)品种长寿乐裸根苗,栽植在重庆市林业科学研究院观赏海棠引种栽培实验基地进行引种驯化试验。同时开展了长寿乐的干旱耐受性研究。结果表明,海棠长寿乐能够在重庆正常生长,且具有开花早、花量大的特点。海棠长寿乐耐干旱能力较强,持续不给水16 d,可以通过调节自身生理代谢水平应对干旱环境条件。     

莫愁湖公园海棠类树种的造景应用与改善建议

通过对南京市莫愁湖公园海棠类树种植物造景的现状调研,分析和评价其在绿化应用方面的优点和不足:优点主要是种植分布空间广、种植量大,种类和品种丰富多样,具有一定的文化内涵,配景植物种类多、变化大;不足主要是季相景观不够丰富,文化表达展现单薄,科普功能不强,配景植物比例分配不合理。并结合莫愁湖公园的特色,提出了改善应用的建议,即注重垂直绿化,延长观赏期,营造注重文化景观,重视科普活动,形成"夜花园"的氛围,协调莫愁湖花景与水景,引进、培育更多的海棠类树种(品种)资源。     

Detection and differential analysis of fruit organic acids among different local wrinkled papaya varieties(Chaenomeles speciosa ) by GC-MS北大核心CSCD

【Objective】Organic acid plays a key role in affecting fruit flavor by changing acid-sugar ratio. And GC-MS is also an important detecting platform to inspect fruit organic acids due to its stable, sensitive and accurate features. With methyl ester derivatization, the objective organic acids could be effectively detected for their reduction of ingredient polarity. To provide the basic data for Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai fruit quality improvement, the the organic acid inspection of the fruit sampleswas carried out from 10 main producing areas in China and their compositions and contentswere disclosed by extracting with methal, derivating with methyl esterification and detecting by means of GC-MS.【Methods】In this study, 10 local varieties were used as materials that were collected from 10 main producing areas in China. After methanol extraction and methyl-ester derivatization, the compositions and contents of organic acids with each sample were comprehensively determined by GC- MS. The derivatives were analyzed by a Shimadzu GC-MS 2010 Qplus with a Rxt-5MS weak polar capillary MS column(30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm, Shimadzu Technology). Helium was used as the carrier gas at 0.87 mL · min- 1 with a split ratio of 53:1 for the testing solution. The GC-MS detecting time was 35 min. Qualitative retrieval was conducted with similarity searching in NIST08 and NIST08S coupled with Kovats Reservation Index(RI value) matching and quantitative analysis was performed by an external standard method and the ingredient peak responding value was adjusted according to the n-alkanes mixed standards that came from USA O2Si calibration standards company. The difference in objective organic acids of all the 10 local variety samples was done through the Excel 2007 software and the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA) of organic acid composition among different samples was completed with SPSS20.0.【Results】Six standards for organic acids including malic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and oleic acid as well as their gradient regression equations showed that there was a high correlation between the standard concentration and their component peak area(R2 ≥ 92.9%). All baselines of the TICs were stable and all the component peaks were evenly distributed during the detecting period and their resolution was high. So the method for extracting by methanol, derivating by methyl ester and detecting by GC-MS was stable and reliable. A total of 43 organic acids including 9 short-chain carboxylic acids, 22 long-chain fatty acids, 4 aromatic dicarboxylic acids, 4 mono-basic phenol acids and 2 amino acids were identified from the 10 fruit samples of different producing areas in China. The top 10 organic acids with the highest contents were dl-malic acid, citric acid, hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, (+/-)-10-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid, levulinic acid, stearic acid, 9,10-dihydroxy-octadecanoic acid and benzoic acid, respectively. There were 33 common ingredient peaks among the total 10 local varieties and their total contents of organic acids were between 85.02-170.76 mg·g-1. From high to low content, it showed like this: Linyi of Shandong > Jinghong of Yunnan > Zheng’an of Guizhou > Chun’an of Zhejiang > Qijiang of Chongqing> Changyang of Hubei > Xuancheng of Anhui > Yilong of Sichuan > Nanning of Guangxi > Baihe of Shaanxi. The total organic acid content had an extremely significant positive correlation with the long-chain fatty acids, mainly including hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid; a significant positive correlation with the short-chain carboxylic acids, mainly consisting of dl-malic acid and citric acid; a negative correlation with the aromatic carboxylic acids, mainly containing benzoic acid. Analysis of the cluster according to 33 common components showed that all the fruit samples were classified into 4 categories when their clustering distance was 5: Yilong of Sichuan, Xuancheng of An’hui, Baihe of Shaanxi, Nanning of Guangxi, and Changyang of Hubei were clustered into the first group; Qijiang of Chongqing and Chun’an of Zhejiang were clustered into the second branch. Zheng’an of Guizhou and Linyi of Shandong were clustered into the third group, and Jinghong of Yunnan was alone clustered into the fourth group. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) coupled with the total organic acid content showed that Zheng’an of Guizhou and Linyi of Shandong belonged to the high-acid varieties, Qijiang of Chongqing and Chun’an of Zhejiang were the middle-acid varieties, and Yilong of Sichuan, Baihe of Shaanxi and Nanning of Guangxi belonged to the low-acid varieties.【Conclusion】Compared with the acid-base titration method and HPLC, GC-MS method not onlywas more stable, sensitive and accurate, but also could realize a qualitative identification of more chemical components. So it was much better to be used in the determination of total organic acid contents in fruits and their derived products. The results showed that there was a small difference among the different local varieties and an obvious difference existed in organic acid compositions and contents among the samples from different producing areas in China. And dl-malic acid and citric acid were the main components in most of C. speciosa fruit samples from 10 producing areas in China. Therefore, it belonged to the fruit type of malic acid accumulating mode. © 2019 Journal of Fruit Science     

木瓜咀嚼片的制备工艺研究

以木瓜粉为原料,添加一定的辅料,采用湿法制粒法研制木瓜咀嚼片,通过单因素和正交试验筛选木瓜咀嚼片的最佳配方。结果表明,木瓜咀嚼片的最佳配方为:木瓜粉和辅料的质量比1∶3,糊精添加量40%,甘露醇与蔗糖质量比1∶2,PVP-K30的70%乙醇溶液添加量12%为黏合剂,硬脂酸镁添加量1.1%为润滑剂,每片质量为0.40 g。按此配方制得的木瓜咀嚼片中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量分别为0.076 4、0.135 6 mg/片,该咀嚼片酸甜可口,具有木瓜特有的清香味,表面完整光滑,硬度适中,色泽均匀,市场前景较好。     

我国木瓜属观赏品种的调查与分类

在野外调查基础上,对我国木瓜属观赏品种进行分类研究.共记载20个品种,其中贴梗海棠品种5个,毛叶木瓜品种5个,倭木瓜品种3个,傲大贴梗海棠品种7个.订正部分品种的学名.编制品种分类检索表.     

木瓜的营养保健功能及其开发利用

介绍了木瓜的营养价值与保健功能,并对木瓜果酒、木瓜保健果醋、低糖木瓜果脯、木瓜保健软糖、超氧化物歧化酶颗粒等产品的开发利用研究进行了综述.     

光皮木瓜渣多酚的提取及其抗氧化活性的研究

利用超声法辅助提取光皮木瓜渣中的多酚,考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间、提取温度等因素对提取量的影响。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了光皮木瓜渣多酚提取的适宜工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数55%,料液比1∶17,超声时间40 min,提取温度60℃,在此优化条件下,光皮木瓜渣多酚提取量为9.73%;该类光皮木瓜渣多酚粗提液具有较强的抗氧化活性,是一类具有开发价值的天然抗氧化剂。     

金冠苹果与皱皮木瓜嫁接亲合力研究

以金冠苹果侧芽和一年生结果枝为接穗,以皱皮木瓜枝为砧木,在夏、秋和春分别进行嵌芽接和劈接,观察接穗的生长表现并对嫁接接口处进行组织学探索。结果表明:接穗的萌芽、展叶、开花和座果均属"假活",金冠苹果和皱皮木瓜之间不存在嫁接亲和力。嫁接30 d后,接穗(芽或枝)表现为萌发、僵化或死亡,春季嫁接导致接穗最高的萌发率和最低的死亡率;在嫁接接口处的纵切面上,接穗明显地与砧木处于隔离状态。芽接时,夏季嫁接导致接穗的最低萌发率和最高死亡率,秋季嫁接时接穗萌发率和死亡率均居中、僵化率最高;接穗形成的嫩叶以春季嫁接的最健壮,夏季嫁接的为最弱小,秋季嫁接的长势居中。枝接时,夏季嫁接导致接穗最高的死亡率,秋季嫁接导致最高的僵化率,夏季嫁接的萌发率稍高于秋季的;3个季节嫁接后接穗形成的嫩叶几乎同样健壮,所有萌发的枝条均正常萌芽、展叶和伸长;秋、春嫁接接穗的花花色和花型正常,但开花约晚20 d;接穗座果在花谢7 d后全部脱落,再过7 d后接穗全部死亡。本研究结果可为苹果嫁接中砧木的选择提供参考。